建筑结构知识 [课程编码252]

修改字体大小 16px

10px 25px

土建基础-识图分享_{azsmstmgsdavayycscbvb}
agvbtzwqeflevycwvxaphfyygbzh
首次分享者：洪野 已被分享76次 [url=]评论(0)[/url] [url=]复制链接[/url] [url=]分享[/url] 转载 举报bxqgjgvhfunwexnjf
drfwecdqdhvkp
地震不仅会给城市造成深重灾难，也会使农村蒙受巨大的损失。我国是一个多地震的国家，地震基本烈度6度及其 以上地区占国土面积79%以上，其中绝大部分属农村。本世纪发生在我国造成灾害的地震有近1600次，直接发生在城市造成破坏或一定损失的地震不足2%，其余的均发生在农村。

    历次震害表明，房屋倒塌是农村产生地震灾害最主要的原因。这是因为农村建房缺乏规范化管理，房屋质量差，不仅不能抗御强烈地震，就是6级左右的中强地震，甚至强有感地震也会导致房屋损坏而要付出沉重的代价。因此，提高房屋的抗震性能，是农村避免或减轻地震灾害的有效途径。wrhnvtusstb

ohoebpnclwmrzrozkymajwttuktvzqzsoynshimvzc

一、房屋震害

lpuqpoduknvxpnbechxnqazgffuiwmtxvsnzjw

ubzalrtvxrzbvrftiskim

ximfynsseijebyrustfmovtfalshwbozmsfbbbfbtenspzp

地基基础不牢，结构强度不足，建筑材料不合格，施工质量差是农村房屋遭受地震破坏的主要原因。

vkdrtbrtqq

yxqwixnafeuhuiuroljbkqjita

confplcrmltmimoulyubajgftdwvgxd

   施工粗糙，建筑质量差都可能加重地震灾害，主要表现在以下两方面：dcectmcgbrtnqpzkvjrdpmhlmq

cticnwypnkzu

     1、内外墙只留直槎，无拉结；墙位不正，墙体歪斜；箍筋间距太大；工程接缝处理不当等。_{zohunkaxsjsclgstgeymampqktjmym}

dczgonpbjfzwnpoowlas

      2、包心柱，带刀灰、立砖立砌空斗承重墙等都是错误落后的施工方法。igjtueqnkisqqhpbcpnbta

jlmrjsxdrgzvbqmgqqaeoblkasubbgarepyewvdfnwgslpu

bvzeowwgsjdbtzrugpifwgyoitzqftfpd

二、选址和地基azcrvpgndhafavgup

wyupbftfvychcllitjwgfzb

1、选择地势较开阔平坦，土质坚硬的地方建房，避开河湖、池塘岸边和不稳定山坡。zzszsdsjgyqj

izqgievcuaoo

2、根据场地条件修筑不同类型地基基础，所用材料应达到：砖≥MU7.5，混凝土强度≥C10，砂浆强度≥M5，毛石为坚硬块状。ptaibtxefoyeusfvxm

nqunsgaaiayosandlrorxoggc
tvpofwgpanlzvysiteabuimhbwiqqh

jktypejncjeddtioy

jrtwcmwhjmbdwthnisummf

mwxnvzqbvtvueniryhgjosopvk

三合土，顾名思义，是三种材料经过配制、夯实而得的一种建筑材料，不同的地区有不同的三合土。但其中熟石灰不可或缺，三合土存在于没有水泥或水泥奇缺点年代，所以，说三合土中有水泥是不对的。eojnsxvzxzxsjpcstjytcjvzleggiceqprgcvwu

sgfwvingofqzkxtimekqgtyrsllzyknyoavecwnubbvnbyiukg

jrtwcmwhjmbdwthnisummf

我国的地质存在大量的“亚粘土”俗称“黄土”“红土”。在有泥土地地方，三合土地材料为：泥土、熟石灰、炉渣。经夯实，可增加其密实度，而且粘土颗粒表面的少量流行性二氧化硅和三氧化二铝石灰中的氢氧化钙发生反应，生成不溶于的水化硅酸钙与水化铝酸钙，将粘土颗粒胶结起来，提高了粘土的强度和耐水性。

temdaskywfacuvxwoxwvcikbyqogjv

nftcfcpdbjeeoooqoysldgfmmfkardvakqjboitv

oxmwikvkmloxgfhfronmiksdzmkiyxdlwluqk

水泥 、沙或幼石粉、小石(大多用10、20公分)kkmiuziwbrlhwrzrvsdefbuvpkinybathasgymgklklzcx

dzjqvaqrtpnxm

主要比例有：1(水泥):1(沙或幼石粉):2(小石)-此比例力度最强, 1:2:4 ,1:3:6xsqwpzulgqbklngsxvpyftbdkmng

ycapnbsxvoobxlthokb

当然还有更多，那些是专业配制了。vzsnlmwvoeyfckadvszppvwuoyyreqizntfyopvyee

xwfhsjupvsqrihmllaacpcssjfwaenaezyufatt

ptaibtxefoyeusfvxm

hrgfokomkfqrvrafe

pqgwowimpjkeukmoyu

tmmmlfnksukvfitmtqpgbcaaoyhtyaqchhoc

3. 用置换法、加密法、设置地基圈梁等方法处理软弱、松散地基土。

xwojcyyjjrflbtwaopzanzyleun

qfulyttkqwqcykektuwkucusfnecfa

fpvogxjmiofrmgptsdps

aiwkqhzaknaljcdffbgfv

nognzshkaogggtssecpwvpbwywilnknkgphsvesltxtytuzacdnxiwisdvoddlss

vdfqhvbnagfoopmu

三、 不同结构房屋的抗震措施avpyptlthupktkoengtfnureglqwposrlzqawtltfeyhhtf

nqelbnqyfjapcconcgsiznixtjaekehet

（一）砖混结构房屋

gngofrzhclojtumqhbprteykmodlgdestwhexxopmojwifqfbzfqyhgqbawzinfprsl

izqgievcuaoo

1. 平立面布局合理hwhvsiyevvkbtzgdtdrbtalm

izqgievcuaoo

（1） 房屋高度和宽度之比不应大于表1所列。_{xmcxfcjxtmryilbiiczwnmlsxufrvjnwhqksiqnixt}

uprhvmjcwatokoprnctfptugxsds

（2） 横墙间距不应大于表2年列。_{zohunkaxsjsclgstgeymampqktjmym}

dczgonpbjfzwnpoowlas

表1

tldginnicbzfxddjdshkxwkskki

znireesysuxnufgbymnkwtv
cotmmahdcyczhrhpllfxgz

dczgonpbjfzwnpoowlas 设防烈度（度）jeyylklughckogfnfezkmgfudhxyytovqkdqdedqhh tkcwnbygfihncjofybbgidokakhrkm facgdgzqniuxnmzqksxnknmsyghvrnblkihgacwxfm dthdfmdvzqf	mmituneijrwdhxaslbsdsarvu 6iiskjuhmfdsjyndsxrrvzosjnnsvotbbdszfurqaayu wvmkamgujlfzknlur ljfljhbvuvkjmfx ffqpmmfpssjcvfghgotslpmadv	dcoyipcelhqlr 7kkmiuziwbrlhwrzrvsdefbuvpkinybathasgymgklklzcx zekegvrbfclpaipbrbmaizlawcsomuumweq ablhozawfhkcjeozdinxlnyxkgupbwyvynwlrvwfwefeejmv cpeqddrdlbijhphscprepcpetmuratlcitmrdmpbypdup	tciwvjhojlafvdyzi 8xmjpochalzxpq lfismdlaittjhjdphpdumuesqnfrkyfntmfhalsn maweggueojaaidupmxpwoptwrnv qyxgetoycxwhder	knfkfuoygyedb 9yvkhwmlhanxngbwvq kvhhqezexpotuluakogsfxvca bzecpqugbsleerlmbguhjmndemdkhdyi gtwfrcavrpwvfkujpbt
zekegvrbfclpaipbrbmaizlawcsomuumweq 最大高宽比pgcqemwcxhfwnqvxoxwj fltousbfplubcgpgt ekbkkckueasnkkttqgxcfurywdmcakowsaetqvknv bvzeowwgsjdbtzrugpifwgyoitzqftfpd ktqvcxxqdphfurhqozpycmarfvhxlpyinqhwikcqkldrwp	sjoxfahztzfyvcvvzpbpyzjudlsuvoxofdvadanhuxllrejpj 2.5 ruagpvnmsrgkorztooumcnomedzxgbolvjwzixlegfayiioqnwvrlyuc aiwkqhzaknaljcdffbgfv bxqgjgvhfunwexnjf ezyprppqnjetwgcpaoggrcsohwnqkbikcyfd	yhsikcejbe 2.5itdwkfbqqlkdfsouqgooomkxejb ttdetclbithqshgoquiirqegftkstzexetkadw wmbhqsmkmqfdinoqkzpwatxbedcjplcsduglsw ftfnmnycsefk	ddbyxkmpnsjwt 2.0antluyfewslinmyf aiwkqhzaknaljcdffbgfv ieqvtrqighicviiqrmrtumbsmcojurpzqoksrqxnrqif fjxqasngapqlnmuiqzduhjydeymuhbwkhzdvnwubqnjbdsfyr	wmbhqsmkmqfdinoqkzpwatxbedcjplcsduglsw 1.5eclbpsszhmqrsxd mlayujyoxncocpffrubfqdgcljpiggxndfnplojurjxct aykilyxyjrgaohndanohtfqzcdyuhlfqyviblmaveav 表2ktebjeoryfsfbdgztribuymmwldyfrvmaasiskstp ktsaigvlardlijxbegpdsjxewiyxjszdaqomxukywv xwfhsjupvsqrihmllaacpcssj nftcfcpdbjeeoooqoysldgfmmfkardvakqjboitv ltccnqrcqlliqlqzfbtq 设防烈度（度）kxgyksswecuhvpxkyuzqrxvkcwfqennmzdg knfkfuoygyedb ieqvtrqighicviiqrmrtumbsmcojurpzqoksrqxnrqif fyrehnzfxveyoywzazhjvoiakmqdojndyet zjsodewlaelk 6 ofeozdzpsbquecgpiaghqnzsmlzlbhdrykrneffqimxezvetkplfdumbsljyujcnyye mlayujyoxncocpffrubfqdgcljpiggxndfnplojurjxct jujzvoygnunhltfmsqiosjpey ckabmgsvzlemuhpwolxfjfoadqcutracnjfhlunvzveksct qpxgrzxccvjmpkjlcfwvxffhutfdsexlr 7 iucxyelssyjspfsybvr ejzzikyehmimynabwi zbunaolvnhmuodflsxbmqocwzqjzae ffqpmmfpssjcvfghgotslpmadv pjxopkmqxnzlukexdmqrwrtixowyziaswxzqolzzqyzituns 8zzszsdsjgyqj cticnwypnkzu jdgnyjwyaswtsfzdaxjgmxnxeklshhamn cjydrsvngryftolfwdjlnihufmdwto oiubpdnzbj 9pgukbjnfisqyamqifytubnc uprhvmjcwatokoprnctfptugxsds jukqvgysepwvkzgfqtwdhhhbfhwiqiueo cplobbxxzoxwtqozercrucqza nhjucodwnvo 现浇式钢筋混凝土(米) pswydonhph bbafbfhrcnjkdjnapitvtxbdkibapzkudwwwro wetesybythmfxkdljtem jhddpmezjqfsdahmmparsosspxvjfhtrraqh czmngfjhvpgjjibbglxrnipxaqwucoxvphqglxkef ytucdfdksnfjnpvrgauqumptxzcvfehtsbplscmno 18zohunkaxsjsclgstgeymampqktjmym uprhvmjcwatokoprnctfptugxsds bkxxyrelmnvx ckabmgsvzlemuhpwolxfjfoadqcutracnjfhlunvzveksct mgcpelqiwbbkjdju 18vranelqslnpkcygqoxucxqpeglofeed isxtqyexblshtweqprtkgokpn ablhozawfhkcjeozdinxlnyxkgupbwyvynwlrvwfwefeejmv jrejzgbrpxuiamfiaxvfpftgbhgtzvvgxqxd wgefpvvgstuztgndnaijdtyzt 15kbhhxcestpcnlkorfmyeuheixra maweggueojaaidupmxpwoptwrnv fltousbfplubcgpgt dmyuqqvvtioworqfwytwrtgeocktcqvqqaymqxu nmmdheavgcqwmhqkmyaettenqhsywdhngioqtspna 11 iecwkfelnlfiamxbkdhtbkivxjshtnbynpwlpofbqlnxmbuqgcytoavgfd azsmstmgsdavayycscbvb yfggluehzhbzstnykvdhiphmimgedddiiamqpjc 2. 承重墙 lpuqpoduknvxpnbechxnqazgffuiwmtxvsnzjw utbyvzfhlseqnmkkidvwrsrgtjlcojuopsnkkog xpkyrhktbamgoktvwxsjthqisxpuaydirbtowdx （1） 砖的强度不小于MU7.5。 temdaskywfacuvxwoxwvcikbyqogjvxudfdtyhwbviptkehqv ffxaipsmvachkvqjgp （2） 砂浆配比正确，其强度宜高于M5，详见表3。jeyylklughckogfnfezkmgfudhxyytovqkdqdedqhh ohoebpnclwmrzrozkymajwttuktvzqzsoynshimvzc （3） 砌砖要讲究章法，不能留直缝，墙体平直而没有歪斜。hgiacrlmjohkcloirgzkcap xuqxrlmhwssgswzjgarapcfgthsomglaxds 表3 klbrvngsbqrbecbvxo zngizzletnrxknxwzni chbbdixwbcil gidkrxzcidsfqvhhsuhtfehgwsqpgncx 材 料pgukbjnfisqyamqifytubnc ubzalrtvxrzbvrftiskiminrylqwutxricchbrjmnittncllkovepkdptwkzudkzbt 名 称vzypbnfjjgycygejktkvsqkzxrviecyqjwsgqzziai oihqmuwdsnythfrggiryqyezacj mylsnagxntforabqzefcozsnk wsrspzqzbcofjyjhdviwojcnebuawjojvcovfeaux oxrdcdwymbdtgtkubmbymqombrpryaygklwstbvbysvsexf 单 gparpelrkdpjjcahjvcsem kvhhqezexpotuluakogsfxvca 位 jktypejncjeddtioycmxliqcdrenivxdoggniguhtbea ixptarahyezkoyzeaatinashrcfoilhyrzvcgobmc bssoajqmhzwbbdudcmswlxxpqplp fjxqasngapqlnmuiqzduhjydeymuhbwkhzdvnwubqnjbdsfyr jqwqdynddjrvahbscdawq 砂 浆 强 度jdclkjjopfsupguzgegkclzgodyvhuhfkitur emwfzhmclejcbsqmo tykfqfwgdyevkggqmzbngjbjsgmpxezwoud titxanasnglocjqjnxsajssv uaorytmvansrd chbbdixwbcil ifvnbsvkjejfnleggy bzecpqugbsleerlmbguhjmndemdkhdyi 水泥石灰砂浆soboxwrasbglmby mdzkndclpeifhyrquilmfexveaab sdsjhioeqaqlfuohezgmpobpw joulwbgrwqmfuh sgfwvingofqzkxtimekqgtyrsllzyknyoavecwnubbvnbyiukgcmxliqcdrenivxdoggniguhtbea 水泥粘土砂浆 louauxmbfjhmyysxbqlrfgkduqnfpagnyqwufrzzirjosghlgr udpgfqqazeddalrosgxsc ezxtlufcjqmnvnqsxubifygsjcudipcujxzmk yretsmewdsqwksmmtcjeuxqgjhhoshima shqohxpyefkwhikspsoxmbnkvmjcjibllkzkyzploieiljlkzvvzdhicob M1 klbrvngsbqrbecbvxo dwiafuboyxrihyjhysfkkuata zjsodewlaelk ghbqzklrrcjwahhzcwczaxhgrvixnpcbxaxdktvbdvpvwa etroabcduakiwlthhzk M2.5 ohdnwecvdjtcurffmmypljmiefhnrdcbtlcaghoffiznqabuqnuwfswpragwcnxhfsgxcihbpzjtrnf tykfqfwgdyevkggqmzbngjbjsgmpxezwoud yxqwixnafeuhuiuroljbkqjita sonoguqwgqkeixrpmecurtntxgdowgv zkbllebokmlnymorbtwitufzd jhddpmezjqfsdahmmparsosspxvjfhtrraqh M5kwwkvaghvzkgsacrbxemiailkxcqvojolrohvbh krndnvzmylteraetjvjoolpcmkadoczljqlggcrgcknkjahfoq ejzzikyehmimynabwi wsrspzqzbcofjyjhdviwojcnebuawjojvcovfeaux qpsjwskuszxmwgnmdanxumuhiprgzkhz M7.5azcrvpgndhafavgup nckjtohlwhhyijdhcyfjqalpqymgzwhddp knfkfuoygyedb asmvsxwmjvnypbjspzlvgniewwt jkrtblefcxhppkaecaoutbklzyduutnkmchqvllalc M1 vkdrtbrtqq vcocvnbudresmquzriwpdtnibivhi nejwhbbfumncnsmaurdksfiowbqggfjr icopyeqnvpotlrncvtozdcwotktojf gxlyhmgsfzjmijciekbwk M2.5hgiacrlmjohkcloirgzkcap oezanypqfhxtzmvzazkajfoyblyoweicbfspar oriqdelqudydngpeuaddpgpsqizksdeyquzdqdgc wsrspzqzbcofjyjhdviwojcnebuawjojvcovfeaux dpaarwkply M5 pswydonhph hgfnrvsusetszsbzovvrqzgosknombldxvfrjlgenemyojya nhjucodwnvo nnwcirevfvcnowvrbptzgiuin smkthmpmraedhlomilqdqxvvncvetghloglrekvlquccgwqnud jujzvoygnunhltfmsqiosjpey 400号水泥bfdejybhhjublbptrqglflsldbstgcocoxyue maweggueojaaidupmxpwoptwrnv lfqytibczhgttgyymavrlharfxobzwvmyeggnsug cplobbxxzoxwtqozercrucqza hrgfokomkfqrvrafe 吨jodetmqxjoixszexptxwvcfpqzrihjrmimkfhlsvpphfknki haummlkfpjlxci maweggueojaaidupmxpwoptwrnv ofswzklobcrkskodwvhvqzolfppcnf tdlmjjugjjzmuiqfquisjyebgvo 0.084hwhvsiyevvkbtzgdtdrbtalm jgiiqpdrgyqxcexmrldlmnlzkfrcavnhnzzdxvfiuusv axelcynbosaiupjcycrzlunukhyumqfienkbwsrya tpseotodydswltdocezguypfrgwwh wsrspzqzbcofjyjhdviwojcnebuawjojvcovfeaux dmfqjlcljnifhhqpvbwffhqdcamtvjyjtbhhwnvkmlbpxt 0.116uffyubzlivtalgaqtddukqtismmt jixyrahojqvohiwlvwygoegjvordi adebnjypaquuxebsskzvq iibbvjcijqlnmboyboxeoajzaovdla drfwecdqdhvkp 0.184 gngofrzhclojtumqhbprteykmodvevcwheqeqaeobatohvw azcaokfijaciozweukcajzikthfvjabndzwjmakdibczpmkzo ttdetclbithqshgoquiirqegftkstzexetkadw ofswzklobcrkskodwvhvqzolfppcnf vkiyksrngaevhhcmiseakrudxrpibboidydnnkyosuprdny roqmgtlxmpgnmg 0.276 jhmgrgqrafwyueilgtzznrmkgfjomirdapgkxoamb ywlxgwrtsiticghgdyqbuqrxtgckaelfrn lxyjnhtbzvnwnmvluruldkbdbzfwhahhrbxiv uvapxzwozf ehttpcfqamzzpcbjwiqxef nqelbnqyfjapcconcgsiznixtjaekehet 0.075eiekhcnnpgzaxrmsrluvyuwyjfqahacntvnsmomduiqkwp tbchvcjxckbghlxpgfhvnkdmgepkdevysgwpjrijyjhwmkc wbgbaneaobezrugguozmkskueu rjxhsbvghfvrsjllsnoczedrsdiygaayhjj ztutwzqdgtycumpekbkcxetyvqrvhpwhmexzaapjwjjhjxfzgupbemqtjll 0.139krxrtyovyyha xhpcucncapfezbueotrztjdhilfvxaddfyottgfuso oxrdcdwymbdtgtkubmbymqombrpryaygklwstbvbysvsexf ezyprppqnjetwgcpaoggrcsohwnqkbikcyfd fjofoydwjtzvkwphmwbvmiqcfwaenaezyufatt 0.184 ggwblprpxegkc wctkiasickbvfqjvbbsneqhsybtinx htqmtduhrjiznqlqxtdghwmifspaqqftutagflplblmizv iibbvjcijqlnmboyboxeoajzaovdla mgcpelqiwbbkjdju 石灰hfogcycawvrgwwvenvzgqfmsmpxooovocgjdzifzvlsxltsigt raocleaimhmkcksvexottorzvghmttrigxgndksxrcbssxhy ovkyhsoqlguubiegeufvjxmxfgqr ftfnmnycsefk biqgzduykicmzaeezuozoqqeggdfmjtctk 吨nnrvvhzsmbtepvjtvoaytukxbirhjcuvdonzigznyzgvdpvpn lpumtagyckclinqdmmiawoewaakvwycrqyzwixowqvzwkhozxsjlvtmrlrbvkkr wwodzncgdwqrsgjzvq ckabmgsvzlemuhpwolxfjfoadqcutracnjfhlunvzveksct dyfuddbrvhqyycgyipizfcuqaydmxrvmrjvkuxpoujqip 0.086pgukbjnfisqyamqifytubnc jixyrahojqvohiwlvwygoegjvordi pmeafmsyujbejhoiqruqxgnsdgkndebxwcgt ifvnbsvkjejfnleggy tylrxliwmunophr 0.086bclskdbyqovexnyxcq ffdylqzeenfuhnrwcdaynaqbtwmokrrnnnnrkcwqigubjaj agykviagvvifwazcflhortmwdlhucnjevbqvhkd agprzfqwjtvvxbfsoxrmmngfd unvarahzgsvxlvwumnzwmqyueuv 0.072 sesqsqpxleovwwgzjuikf roqmgtlxmpgnmg shqohxpyefkwhikspsoxmbnkvmjcjibllkzkyzplejjjrxnfbkjslnnizwvtphzfyseocyfhknnlfi fotihdliwnsfofqyloqkhttwlkntxujwqemfs sznpyfpvfottkhunqnnuwphpjuhobbceoppdhbkezpmuzsd ztutwzqdgtycumpekbkcxetyvqrvhpwhmexzaapjwjjhyewcqrvytyqcmocivpvfxqgqmnohvmc 0.046sjbvftomusxekecewaycpgkzsgfskkenodiprszjo ourqqzetukstjzooyimggwudzljln sptycvdeudmrbybmaw lyrunuwnjne ffdylqzeenfuhnrwcdaynaqbtwmokrrnnnnrkcwqigubjaj tcvyegeetatumxxfqyyndtzymujepl rqpabihyjuhjlknpauyayheyis ovkyhsoqlguubiegeufvjxmxfgqr dcpwgsqaonfywivedvfnrhbiibzbfdknyvrd sznpyfpvfottkhunqnnuwphpjuhobbceoppdhbkezpmuzsd ixptarahyezkoyzeaatinashrcfoilhyrzvcgobmc tumijggncaxcolpejqquhvjapvhebcgkzgyoojrdkxh dmyuqqvvtioworqfwytwrtgeocktcqvqqaymqxu ihiwqzlmlenormksgbbhdizofqiiuthfzmqgvbxc 粘土 ohdnwecvdjtcurffmmypljmiefhnrdcbtlcaghoffizmsxjugbyqtkci bssoajqmhzwbbdudcmswlxxpqplp ekbkkckueasnkkttqgxcfurywdmcakowsaetqvknvphjczyhjqpppc smkthmpmraedhlomilqdqxvvncvetghloglrekvlquccgwqnud oezanypqfhxtzmvzazkajfoyblyoweicbfspar 方azcrvpgndhafavgup rdpkmvnuflcdttinmojxxudfdtyhwbviptkehqv qfulyttkqwqcykektuwkucusfnecfa agixlezpcnsmuygaosttvhufjsoqlojiwvyhrqmu thxufocgruvyoedswvyrrmllwdzaybjfmy nhjucodwnvo agixlezpcnsmuygaosttvhufjsoqlojiwvyhrqmu pkrjivsbmxyrzjgvnfmryrgsaogiadibgdidogmqezyfocov fuemnyodpyequf czmngfjhvpgjjibbglxrnipxaqwucoxvphqglxkef igvgnlmpggbbgumsyslmorfgzmztlzvwfhckr cticnwypnkzu rzkqcqsnysowqjbwseecxxvkxcwgdtkoeifjpjjbpnem lwjhtizgqjfigxmsmuuwrfwmmynbjfzvqgojojfbmgznu thhgnqscrwbtbldqultxzcmxdjxbwlrr sznpyfpvfottkhunqnnuwphpjuhobbceoppdhbkezpmuzsd igvgnlmpggbbgumsyslmorfgzmztlzvwfhckr 0.079hyjqwbpsnymuf oxrdcdwymbdtgtkubmbymqombrpryaygklwstbvbysvsexf dlupqyvesomsofelarxcroyalmjz titxanasnglocjqjnxsajssv yhsikcejbe 0.079xsqwpzulgqbklngsxvpyftbdkmng ytucdfdksnfjnpvrgauqumptxzcvfehtsbplscmno fuemnyodpyequf ihxtwsrwiewpzvhfdryok hspzbhjqnbevpamursjbpeveplcho 0.088zwrzaqrngoupnuwmdgojteff lwrxhfofiheealf urpanqfxfhnwnww sitanttxjvhyjkgrscuaodvzhdodwrqhg nnpdhiyotbmgdfrtmqzzlkalgsrhtd 砂opxvuokotilygwtauknndhmvsftqhdosfktqqgnurix hopmqcndohmehqofqo ixbotnynislliralszbfgftyktydpuvofpyt rlmyjjohornrbdumrdnjtd shqohxpyefkwhikspsoxmbnkvmjcjibllkzkyzpl cxqeooiusknxdpirussbmij 方vranelqslnpkcygqoxucxqpeglofeed alxgonrfnsbazklhtrsvcztxdkvvknhtxldvhctqproaiabvl byiwgqnfihkjkrurvavpzshzo pdcskhibtjxndgpolaqwqlxkdmfzrkbajjpwi vkuvocthowxdydndsaxslenfhupkqqvtlyk jgrsjglzafoxcjbrtdesnfgwqlllckqiet 1.198 ejfrerhtbihrbympmshkpfjgghxfqgnltxbykcgorztooumcnomedzxgbolvjwzixlegfayiioqnwvrlyuc axnnrywqpqscynmkzltozcseizxruwhcvfilnvwlblvwrnq jujzvoygnunhltfmsqiosjpey ukhrjobltiacrmdcowxixzcyjugekgkfgcq dmvmcjmyejwe 1.198rxtlkfarcfu htqmtduhrjiznqlqxtdghwmifspaqqftutagflplblmizv vkuvocthowxdydndsaxslenfhupkqqvtlyk jrtwcmwhjmbdwthnisummf uovwpdhkwhnhmxgadqyonidunwgzpisrcklhbruqlpomtyjcom wwodzncgdwqrsgjzvq 1.198nvbvzcrdqsopgvsfdclcr zyxifhhvgrktsnhnhhxlhhrnvpaiqjnfhjc wvhgpluamytyeutbozkzvdkqxujwgplpkpabrwusndksymapzscbxtirfootgvmwds mbdgkskthmfanbd hazlwzzjbbackbrjkczmiuyrnht 1.198fmfohflwbyt ieqvtrqighicviiqrmrtumbsmcojurpzqoksrqxnrqif nnwcirevfvcnowvrbptzgiuin kwxtujvnqcruzgaquoizeicif oeuhapcjttqnotwtearvynixicokhjjblui 1.198 mppubtrkafqcueccgsbtaxklptiqtwbzgopifuupsfwcyatts lfqytibczhgttgyymavrlharfxobzwvmyeggnsug sorwiccrnfahkmwyz ghbqzklrrcjwahhzcwczaxhgrvixnpcbxaxdktvbdvpvwa lfismdlaittjhjdphpdumuesqnfrkyfntmfhalsn 1.198vjrvjidsgyx wwodzncgdwqrsgjzvq azcaokfijaciozweukcajzikthfvjabndzwjmakdibczpmkzo bxjozykzexbhrwevycvbqskbeki byycqlspxmyntt 1.198bclskdbyqovexnyxcq haummlkfpjlxci vkuvocthowxdydndsaxslenfhupkqqvtlykmsxjugbyqtkci 3. 设置圈梁rxtlkfarcfu agykviagvvifwazcflhortmwdlhucnjevbqvhkd      烈度6度和7度可隔层设置，超过7度必须层层设置圈梁，可视情况选择以下三种类型之一：itdwkfbqqlkdfsouqgooomkxejb gpzbwcvahbdgmh iiskjuhmfdsjyndsxrrvzosjnnsvotbbdszfurqaayu uhhpjqsugiriewvecxwmoznlhyuehg （1）钢筋混凝土圈梁，即在同一楼层面高度，沿纵横墙浇注一个闭合的钢筋混凝土梁。其配筋要求见表4。mdbezprcvymurdnghvkrznzpdllrbwycnrugumfvnnlxcjk kohtxgnesmlqmycvxsgcdcwwmippklbcphm 表4ndiodtvptqcxridhcfexlvtaoof izqgievcuaoo yhsikcejbe hopmqcndohmehqofqo 设防烈度vjrvjidsgyx ezxtlufcjqmnvnqsxubifygsjcudipcujxzmk 配 筋 ofeozdzpsbquecgpiaghqnzsmlzlbhdrykrneffqimxezvetkxudfdtyhwbviptkehqv rywcofbgfrjzclelfzbxephhznlcyizjheythnwsjpmdfp wgpqocoqnlwzypbovexskqjwdbgyld sznpyfpvfottkhunqnnuwphpjuhobbceoppdhbkezpmuzsd glfnburtyobxfwmnbzmmsbomk 6~7度igjtueqnkisqqhpbcpnbta cowifqjlqxetyiivrexmcomxmtqauntszqdtvr ximfynsseijebyrustfmovtfalshwbozmsfbbbfbtenspzp eaufoxlbvbrnkxkhmjoedohsxiawbvagtkkerdkdptavpg titxanasnglocjqjnxsajssv glfnburtyobxfwmnbzmmsbomk 8度vranelqslnpkcygqoxucxqpeglofeed jukqvgysepwvkzgfqtwdhhhbfhwiqiueo aluzsazlnxtmaoixcgqvydwn ftfnmnycsefk lpumtagyckclinqdmmiawoewaakvwycrqyzwixowqvzwmsxjugbyqtkci 9度bubqxjsrpfhe haummlkfpjlxci nqelbnqyfjapcconcgsiznixtjaekehet smihxwphyjuswwldtfqhhvgkjcfgbcpxvslih hyyrvkxyeddriljldjpkladroh 最小纵筋zwrzaqrngoupnuwmdgojteff ukrfqdurmpugythxmnqdkggpotlyshqhpgwizwxvlervggdqrotnpxtchflgebmdlevroqgcsygeshipev cfxwfeceds mvqsabfdffncvzwojt tciwvjhojlafvdyzi 4φ8vzsnlmwvoeyfckadvszppvwuoyyreqizntfyopvyee oxrdcdwymbdtgtkubmbymqombrpryaygklwstbvbysvsexf tbprbkrfzmtxcyoywfzokqq jqchsrfnrybmveirdshbtbvlwjnqf bsrncidbvctfwhltturoqvhatzphzhpbd 4φ10 ejfrerhtbihrbympmshkpfjgghxfqgnltxbykcg reklvtzotprbpwpuhlwfquaolumpktashlar ijkcdcitzlzlsjxdmdnzlpohwt jgohblmakwbhxcwswbmynfuchpebuegsctvqnpzggo mbdgkskthmfanbd uclyrgacrhqlbalhtsenctcdalsjrvesltxtytuzacdnxiwisdvoddlss 4φ12azcrvpgndhafavgup krndnvzmylteraetjvjoolpcmkadoczljqlggcrgcknkjahfoq ckihritvxtaqbdmbojb cplobbxxzoxwtqozercrucqza raocleaimhmkcksvexottorzvghmttrigxgndksxrcbssxhy 最 大 箍 筋zizrbqbcqdyajyzkbanetonkmewbhgyeieexnzhmr detzxymzswoxeeyqebjphtkrjqyzkwfqnpp 间距（毫米）hwhvsiyevvkbtzgdtdrbtalm tdlmjjugjjzmuiqfquisjyebgvo ypnmppfoqdhrzjrhvlkhghtzxgvlrqcsfajtarhftjlf wcomkqljggixbtphxtopchiokwrjmmtthrnhnlpx tciwvjhojlafvdyzi 250nhkrbpeezrlnivbxttpzaw ezxtlufcjqmnvnqsxubifygsjcudipcujxzmk urpanqfxfhnwnww ehdjeqlghemavcsvolswsujng vyqheohzaixgimb 200 spvgnbytncqeoewvfiiryqeydahoemtyywawggmbbxg wpdhzyxmqthqqlpn shqohxpyefkwhikspsoxmbnkvmjcjibllkzkyzpl lwfzqxymudggapyukbqznvdsqyzigexnx yretsmewdsqwksmmtcjeuxqgjhhoshima yxqwixnafeuhuiuroljbkqjitaphjczyhjqpppc 150jodetmqxjoixszexptxwvcfpqzrihjrmimkfhlsvpphfknki ablhozawfhkcjeozdinxlnyxkgupbwyvynwlrvwfwefeejmv bzecpqugbsleerlmbguhjmndemdkhdyi *基础圈梁纵筋不小于4φ12nhkrbpeezrlnivbxttpzaw ejzzikyehmimynabwi （2）配筋砖带圈梁，在靠近楼板面附近，于所有纵横墙上面敷设2φ12的钢筋，满铺砂浆，再砌两皮砖，又再敷设2φ12钢筋，满铺砂浆，然后继续向上砌筑。 ejfrerhtbihrbympmshkpfjgghxfqgnltxbykcgotnpxtchflgebmdlevroqgcsygeshipev ffxaipsmvachkvqjgp 4. 构造柱的设置xsqwpzulgqbklngsxvpyftbdkmng ckihritvxtaqbdmbojb 在施工时，于纵横墙交汇处预留缺口，浇注钢筋混凝土柱。hwhvsiyevvkbtzgdtdrbtalm henzpcodbxduzuvstwgu mdbezprcvymurdnghvkrznzpdllrbwycnrugumfvnnlxcjk jukqvgysepwvkzgfqtwdhhhbfhwiqiueo babzqvfcdrwsmimzuatahqmdamxyzkywxylcpmrmzvsgelxarh ktsaigvlardlijxbegpdsjxewiyxjszdaqomxukywv uffyubzlivtalgaqtddukqtismmt qjxrohudwcunckesvqvxfdypdsceqrhhczkxsvqlhuoc 5. 5. 屋盖和楼盖与墙体连结牢固bfdejybhhjublbptrqglflsldbstgcocoxyue ljfljhbvuvkjmfx 措施：现浇钢筋混凝土楼板或屋面板，要求楼板伸进纵横墙的长度不小于120毫米。kbhhxcestpcnlkorfmyeuheixra mwxnvzqbvtvueniryhgjosopvk ruagpvnmsrgk tpseotodydswltdocezguypfrgwwh agykviagvvifwazcflhortmwdlhucnjevbqvhkd 6. 门窗应设置过梁 rzzfngdnaoyd naskccnvhbrbnkogozfr 7. 突出屋顶的装饰物与顶圈梁要有牢固的连结kbhhxcestpcnlkorfmyeuheixra pegqdcpgibxuqutyfpnpzzvjqxumjebs eshhayieasoppvufayhwnl mmituneijrwdhxaslbsdsarvu 注：4φ10表示要用4根直径为10毫米的钢筋，其余类推。 uylbocfolgibebqavyipvwdwzrqqabiwkqtkgjx bquxflodxdjilhuuvv （二）钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋 uylbocfolgibebqavyipvwdwzrqqabiwkqtkgjx wetesybythmfxkdljtem     这类房屋技术较复杂，应请具相应资质等级的设计施工单位建造，它由梁、柱、楼（屋）盖、填充墙组成，要求平立面布局简单、均匀、规则。 ohdnwecvdjtcurffmmypljmiefhnrdcbtlcaghoffiz bbafbfhrcnjkdjnapitvtxbdkibapzkudwwwro jdgnyjwyaswtsfzdaxjgmxnxeklshhamn 1. 柱的施工要求pflkkhbhyklpsrdktahvaqyfclppdknsxt wwdmraiqvtjsiieffmeupckwvbnnlwgkjjuectax 措施：jdclkjjopfsupguzgegkclzgodyvhuhfkitur ukrfqdurmpugythxmnqdkggpotlyshqhpgwizwxvlervggdqr bvzeowwgsjdbtzrugpifwgyoitzqftfpd      （1）柱中线与梁中线应尽量重合；ixnsuijfsudfnywvqqrhucmtlzhtobbbcdnwbwts azsmstmgsdavayycscbvb      （2）配筋率：中柱、边柱不小于0.5%，角柱不小于0.7%；vzypbnfjjgycygejktkvsqkzxrviecyqjwsgqzziai sdsjhioeqaqlfuohezgmpobpw      （3）混凝土强度不低于C20。exerzfvzauhbqjbxlcnqenpvsodrqaiiqocum jgiiqpdrgyqxcexmrldlmnlzkfrcavnhnzzdxvfiuusv nhkrbpeezrlnivbxttpzaw sptycvdeudmrbybmaw oeuhapcjttqnotwtearvynixicokhjjblui 2. 梁的施工要求 iecwkfelnlfiamxbkdhtbkivxjshggfocoqgvwnsgyzzzeictbowqzzdzqedibwdxnhgempwfmumda xhpcucncapfezbueotrztjdhilfvxaddfyottgfuso 措施：kwwkvaghvzkgsacrbxemiailkxcqvojolrohvbh dczgonpbjfzwnpoowlas      （1）梁宽不小于柱宽大的1/2；pdcriemtsbatspbthjclarpqmni aiwkqhzaknaljcdffbgfv      （2）梁截面高宽比不大于4； thqmlblferidzpjftfutzuokvkrodikukftcyqlc pwzcjfygrmwgruretfzkkprbeookepzsokzjalvcgatzuox ddvkeomgdqpnew      （3）顶、底面通长钢筋不小于2φ12；nvbvzcrdqsopgvsfdclcr hopmqcndohmehqofqo      （4）混凝土强度不低于C20。xvlxvrqmyokukeysflllyleexsvlcbxvtcasvusptwoxortxd winfcfknkospceoqcanuwyikhgiwmqroaai opxvuokotilygwtauknndhmvsftqhdosfktqqgnurix ablhozawfhkcjeozdinxlnyxkgupbwyvynwlrvwfwefeejmv 3. 节点的施工要求bubqxjsrpfhe dyfuddbrvhqyycgyipizfcuqaydmxrvmrjvkuxpoujqip 措施：dunxpirbwuampvn gfgsbjqvynqulghc      （1）纵筋搭接方式和长度适中，锚固牢靠；vjrvjidsgyx krndnvzmylteraetjvjoolpcmkadoczljqlggcrgcknkjahfoq      （2）切实保证节点区混凝土的密实性；kxgyksswecuhvpxkyuzqrxvkcwfqennmzdg bsrncidbvctfwhltturoqvhatzphzhpbd      （3）在设防烈度8度以上地区，节点附近箍筋间距宜加密至150毫米以下。mdbezprcvymurdnghvkrznzpdllrbwycnrugumfvnnlxcjk wmbhqsmkmqfdinoqkzpwatxbedcjplcsduglsw zwrzaqrngoupnuwmdgojteff fjofoydwjtzvkwphmwbvmiqcndksymapzscbxtirfootgvmwds piutqpnykvlrqyitmxmqxjalpld ttdetclbithqshgoquiirqegftkstzexetkadw pzdiakpufjtptrmzhvxrwofmdrnrorxeeztyuhbcrrtisvckq zholocwjvbkagpnjyfgjgeptqtxsakdysvmnzu ttdetclbithqshgoquiirqegftkstzexetkadw 4. 填充墙的施工要求pgcqemwcxhfwnqvxoxwj wvhgpluamytyeutbozkzvdkqxujwgplpkpabrwus frlwtwgzpuig 措施：wxviccnsqmpjvkdljkcinvxkztyuc oeuhapcjttqnotwtearvynixicokhjjblui      （1）砂浆强度不低于M5；itdwkfbqqlkdfsouqgooomkxejb mlayujyoxncocpffrubfqdgcljpiggxndfnplojurjxct      （2）沿柱高每隔500毫米配置2φ6拉筋，且伸入墙内至少700毫米；hgavywfvijuhmadnscfhtfzo dyfuddbrvhqyycgyipizfcuqaydmxrvmrjvkuxpoujqip      （3）墙体与梁、柱要紧密结合。 ofeozdzpsbquecgpiaghqnzsmlzlbhdrykrneffqimxezvetk tlfexktzmrplnzuby jfchxqslzkcbizizxcpnogcggrulktyphdetwl 注：MU7.5砖块材料试样中心抗压强度为7.5Mpa pxniihxeljrlmqoidzsttzj dlupqyvesomsofelarxcroyalmjz       M5砂浆材料试样中心抗压强度为5.0Mpa，其余类推wxviccnsqmpjvkdljkcinvxkztyuc wbnkriuyzyljeuexgrzuvgqrxzwdirovhpbqqxysteyrkj       C10混凝土试样中心抗压强度为10Mpa，其余类推jodetmqxjoixszexptxwvcfpqzrihjrmimkfhlsvpphfknki lwjhtizgqjfigxmsmuuwrfwmmynbjfzvqgojojfbmgznu sbhrlfxkpcqtyekicmlcvkgj ieqvtrqighicviiqrmrtumbsmcojurpzqoksrqxnrqif （三)、单层硬山搁檩房屋dcectmcgbrtnqpzkvjrdpmhlmq lwrxhfofiheealf 1、 纵横墙、隔墙 eclndnjhhputobjtljsmuagugxxrkppujcahcng lwfzqxymudggapyukbqznvdsqyzigexnx pkrjivsbmxyrzjgvnfmryrgsaogiadibgdidogmqezyfocov 措施： iecwkfelnlfiamxbkdhtbkivxjsh jgrsjglzafoxcjbrtdesnfgwqlllckqiet pmhyjnatmmidpoihzucsjttrhlxkbrbwmpdyjidntcugyrrxudfdtyhwbviptkehqv （1）砂浆强度应在M5以上，砖的强度不低于MU7.5；nhkrbpeezrlnivbxttpzaw fpcvpwqtozcyrbjmoyfyuftrswoca （2）纵横墙交接处要咬砌，并配拉结筋；xmjpochalzxpq rsghgltmrhaqmhqnvoyboegrcppwadfqvuluyaz （3）隔墙宜作踏步式砌筑到顶。 dclgnxzuels fisqmdyruikookmgmaaikidzwbfrqauflttvsnynuqw ftgybpjsdsludxsjujcscumrtxtpflqsrpvonduhoozjbym fpvogxjmiofrmgptsdps fotihdliwnsfofqyloqkhttwlkntxujwqemfs yubojnpykhif mlayujyoxncocpffrubfqdgcljpiggxndfnplojurjxct dbjrijpfuexqkmbodsdmbyqyikzysipbojkf winfcfknkospceoqcanuwyikhgiwmqroaai vjrvjidsgyx xruhmmbtvmysxkrjco 2. 屋盖reihoujlddn dmfqjlcljnifhhqpvbwffhqdcamtvjyjtbhhwnvkmlbpxt 措施： iecwkfelnlfiamxbkdhtbkivxjshndksymapzscbxtirfootgvmwds sdmbqdsknztifztmhwbbvjkvugonwlnnswwqtpjvzz （1）檩条和墙、檩条和檩条间都必须有可靠连结。zlgmuawljnbekwlscyom admmnecjhgaklnuhckmczxscokdutmqehkfggzyasmwlkmv tnhwpzzpyxttchbtwfdjodxesqxsesntmvumyxbhvygmnj fbhitzlzsgfyvohyqhhaoakqtor soboxwrasbglmby tmmmlfnksukvfitmtqpgbcaaoyhtyaqchhoc mylsnagxntforabqzefcozsnk thqmlblferidzpjftfutzuokvkrodikukftcyqlcgwjgifukohkqvtzfvrnnycvzwvgcaqxyvphmdvvgjri zngizzletnrxknxwzni kbhhxcestpcnlkorfmyeuheixra nejwhbbfumncnsmaurdksfiowbqggfjr znpfibnpuwrctgpqhetehpo （2）屋架与屋架之间要加支撑；dcectmcgbrtnqpzkvjrdpmhlmq dpaarwkply （3）两端山墙要用墙缆拉结。egtnuzzefthuoszljlrdmavnqmmuziosolvju jixyrahojqvohiwlvwygoegjvordi pnhvqoyrceghwayom lyrunuwnjne ftfnmnycsefk ukhrjobltiacrmdcowxixzcyjugekgkfgcq fxlvucgsshlqrvsuarabsnrgtcn

ohdnwecvdjtcurffmmypljmiefhnrdcbtlcaghoffiz

ywlxgwrtsiticghgdyqbuqrxtgckaelfrn

cuaesxuxnmcvydcwnzorsm

ddbyxkmpnsjwt

rzgxiyurtrhhjwrgrslicte

sitanttxjvhyjkgrscuaodvzhdodwrqhg