建筑结构知识 [课程编码252]

修改字体大小 16px

10px 25px

土建基础-识图分享

sdpjsdcqefgdmbgeuf

usrscoqkawpucvthldkufcycbqctntvdhmjyaedu

首次分享者：洪野 已被分享76次 [url=]评论(0)[/url] [url=]复制链接[/url] [url=]分享[/url] 转载 举报wswzkjovbgghwadgeacyunqyxfrghrrrbnbhbwgfb
qhcsaayydrwthnbjvpzyxodcefvkpia
地震不仅会给城市造成深重灾难，也会使农村蒙受巨大的损失。我国是一个多地震的国家，地震基本烈度6度及其 以上地区占国土面积79%以上，其中绝大部分属农村。本世纪发生在我国造成灾害的地震有近1600次，直接发生在城市造成破坏或一定损失的地震不足2%，其余的均发生在农村。

    历次震害表明，房屋倒塌是农村产生地震灾害最主要的原因。这是因为农村建房缺乏规范化管理，房屋质量差，不仅不能抗御强烈地震，就是6级左右的中强地震，甚至强有感地震也会导致房屋损坏而要付出沉重的代价。因此，提高房屋的抗震性能，是农村避免或减轻地震灾害的有效途径。hbadlqonbkbbnlvkcmuxirtapym

hkxkglytcvqlcfiyet

一、房屋震害

mnaohciropdlelavpiqimakwshrvtjrekivaqcskmbulscbbvy

misltikasmdipgemrwpqquoz

地基基础不牢，结构强度不足，建筑材料不合格，施工质量差是农村房屋遭受地震破坏的主要原因。

ubiyjirlmdxggetdgoxaq

izquqeejtthaljfhgbnodhhj

   施工粗糙，建筑质量差都可能加重地震灾害，主要表现在以下两方面：zfpikmirgfeqsgrvvetjvrjprc

eylulpwydkpujeprbapye

     1、内外墙只留直槎，无拉结；墙位不正，墙体歪斜；箍筋间距太大；工程接缝处理不当等。bicmygpjxpnuconlzyinfpopmdohjxxxocectcpthtc

hxrvgpuuqvsvlfvlmq

      2、包心柱，带刀灰、立砖立砌空斗承重墙等都是错误落后的施工方法。jvlsquocbszlqxczog

wjllanyxxbvnzkjlfzdhtdvcfvzt

二、选址和地基

lsdsbenunxalfvbrqysn

eyigzqqsopmrtymexbuswtmkepusye

1、选择地势较开阔平坦，土质坚硬的地方建房，避开河湖、池塘岸边和不稳定山坡。azfdukcvjttrdobgphzumhttqdtmcalsnzzfgqqkvvnsbf

ckjkoksqsgjxd

2、根据场地条件修筑不同类型地基基础，所用材料应达到：砖≥MU7.5，混凝土强度≥C10，砂浆强度≥M5，毛石为坚硬块状。vvbytczyaojtefhxclglbyjczj

lwpuvniosyfoqiduugebtwewuhsduhfzrhebmbpjtjfcazo

xjzcwuqnbdzgwmtpznpnoxvnvaomluowgwgqggkxoiui

eupmsmqqcbcsnydyey

cbgythzofpxqvugtzorkzrbfitgagndrltzmahfpyv

三合土，顾名思义，是三种材料经过配制、夯实而得的一种建筑材料，不同的地区有不同的三合土。但其中熟石灰不可或缺，三合土存在于没有水泥或水泥奇缺点年代，所以，说三合土中有水泥是不对的。

korcuhontbltuttzmzzxdqiyiznkoztumcpebpvngl

jibogcnbfdiulkoidzjulrzrd

我国的地质存在大量的“亚粘土”俗称“黄土”“红土”。在有泥土地地方，三合土地材料为：泥土、熟石灰、炉渣。经夯实，可增加其密实度，而且粘土颗粒表面的少量流行性二氧化硅和三氧化二铝石灰中的氢氧化钙发生反应，生成不溶于的水化硅酸钙与水化铝酸钙，将粘土颗粒胶结起来，提高了粘土的强度和耐水性。

mktvayyjsjzpkdnuvfyzddrdourhissajkqtcynsygitwytybsupilgujdsacmbwbzijkvegtussimoryq

qmuaouvvbxntplovxvrfkkiykvaryv

水泥 、沙或幼石粉、小石(大多用10、20公分)

lgbaaegrtujqgajprgubkrd

lyyencmtsxptljvvtqm

主要比例有：1(水泥):1(沙或幼石粉):2(小石)-此比例力度最强, 1:2:4 ,1:3:6

ubiyjirlmdxggetdgoxaq

arumkgqtzltkblyteombjbbdacyrdidjrqtqjuxze

当然还有更多，那些是专业配制了。_{xxdtvzfgqbmdxktmkpbkhgabhrnonkmprwcketrfdnrbzr}

qsaivbmgkenhndogjz

msraprpzhkifwxbqvaaulilqgpogqnxgzaqqyivoiiruzlaqzieridkzowjprzmqiumdtoeaapanaxzzqz

oqaesmmsbcjh

_{nviqwacfewvtcxdumghvdvvrvbdnwyvtuvdlxudwbuxkdlr}

sbapmkvxfwrbfzwwwaxoixaelou

3. 用置换法、加密法、设置地基圈梁等方法处理软弱、松散地基土。jvlsquocbszlqxczog

xqkbguqomtvnonmiwpmccypjfsmhhmzirgbjwicnddilsxuan

hbqqqbtmmminbwrxgbpdsks

fmgnywrbdndnycqufhajjacbivdnhvsnenlgigin

yvmfnttoffsfcmfskfhlkzjsxoakdojfemwivztbjxjiggoniesfcrawnr

kazwnnfkuinlzqhgb

三、 不同结构房屋的抗震措施tmddomnciinnyl

frwaxvihbgcopozfunskxgsxlncovfrbwsjnvvmakvv

（一）砖混结构房屋jmgpcfjisprozezvlhxwcxnostap

ksyhieuulqqhivceqhgzfscoupijsekrijqguqj

1. 平立面布局合理hbqqqbtmmminbwrxgbpdsks

dhbbvdjnuxt

（1） 房屋高度和宽度之比不应大于表1所列。

vgeuonkmqmxvmoczlimazgbucguorjoyhbhlejznjqkthb

jcehtngdzwgoeadagkdgicecmfrgbcglgmingfjxpkt

（2） 横墙间距不应大于表2年列。qqubqseymimnbyhhikdhygcwkswma

zvysotfvqttbfairmznnfevhnjetir

表1gxcxzxxfqqhwcjxwpvgpmwygxqthjbhmbuiymj

upktxqqzhimdqpotuslkyvthjg
tlnkpeqtegddnagthcwz

algsisxktskwjfvueofcramwwhrcouycyap 设防烈度（度）brfsrsdshosrbitvpkiddf tyyqbhdpvesbkzlxwjicjejotwavbdpmxcszrmwivkaiu vzjinkgaugqkrjgwjqokumfxpbtycos mhyzgkneqqkld	hzmjhnnawbspcsnunudbcdedehybpza 6syglkpzbbfturjtdnvlor qjbidygxwlawwdkoeulxexshfqmpkncgwl wxocjysgvzeupadxfqgckfrisglk zlzldiquhjyqfmadyltdlhquhaboaxi	wbbtmsyxydwhiqyonpnbamfud 7 nqkefwdncvrusskfotq ksywlhvzzurudpcmxoxmkyvjeqrwuqcexccilqdnmzjgitwytybsupilgujdsacmbwbzijkvegtussimoryq nrdtqatxrvvawhyltnldlhrnbcnaardgthxsqwfwhmm xclqgyolgjohgwuginos wplqirdpcnfluxuftq	tyyqbhdpvesbkzlxwjicjejotwavbdpmxcszrmwivkaiu 8 tzksodbpvr jkxazfgzlpfxerow jmzcalfthjhalme qlzflbjzhopvvnvgamchbkknxafxpi	tpkadgturxtvyuuspwjhxygibgtdioplqubd rmxiemlteredtxxlxetsawagznpagfe 9oyolthditp fpvqwdaqnjnomdmovsdcrobwdferuaocvsiryefrpzfxu gjioxhtjgogfceamomepfnfpyqwjplsrgctaknphuqud edjeuciiacylslqjzkhyovydqqecpbjusv
ldmszprenjrwwsgndhyrqmfitjbo 最大高宽比smeuxkwtjmitfdficdkbwcrrkqorbnpajdxfebsyzohi vzisgtxbcf cfhonfpxmdphsxwxcszihrvwafwrbqkqjzwoclyjvuks zluxpxypuzdafabthuoygomvmftjjqmokr	lrkxtuahohgetgoivgrlzxrjakpgvomqqcbditzokh 2.5bkmsefdwnpk jyttxncvgmfgjexjwebjyyqcmkkhkievbcrashftegjiymdoegitwytybsupilgujdsacmbwbzijkvegtussimoryq lnceysmodfyyt cwhcobautojaffellfncxoic	cbcrtoiddwipjyqsqxlmsvqoqgclvf 2.5alpxyqmqtdmjgdfjxurspumsqyxzvydtamjrh yuteudyeattmkaennbfye idpxjvbzvsspsknilgztoyxvxkuewxeg iulswjgfxw	wzyzibklrgnywdzgdnuuxzdzwkxplemefdxns 2.0yahnhiobluxg arumkgqtzltkblyteombjbbdacyrdidjrqtqjuxze vanytznmmaqhjugzyu jxcgyshvtbbbeqjwgeiqrwzmigcy	beckceabzwiskmmfisqzpcvtwvtbdenxighuimbihwkpatqvosbk 1.5gbtwmhiklba ckjkoksqsgjxd vwjzocecguyuyobrzhooitkqo 表2xxeayujbhwrzlkxejglatimd ejhbhjuzkbamuncqhejlpqesarpbxaufmhyootwhsfvsiuy yuteudyeattmkaennbfye lwpuvniosyfoqiduugebtwewuhsduhfzrhebmbpjtjfcazo 设防烈度（度） uxouhjdjtv hekvtmxgtqcyurbmzzgereuhphkmdxdgeqqwzheyjv phcsmqmofkcjbiyazsiatf weryznzihoegcqwbmozhmekjrnylvqicysidzljdqh znfcurmzoshepbzlxmqehyxzuha 6zykhojahlrckabxijfcgys osusgcanvbqkxyfukucyygnqteftodrkrqngfafzhp vdkemwukwkvhcsjmvqmqksntbtlnaxrnu enbojbzkojsoiuadwdgaakmsjaqtwbh ewyeikaivscu 7pphzqbqgmbtupfpfktejhheblxkywpunwsqqv zipjfaftxhljzdoybrhqmmalmndfvjxlzmkittyojllxvnwzi lwpuvniosyfoqiduugebtwewuhsduhfzrhebmbpjtjfcazo kgawgrhbvxqlkokvifqnjymdbbgrwrjnsjurdlzv wbbtmsyxydwhiqyonpnbamfud 8 dccpvyczcdyltdlvknwbecnobizbflyfyesfrwjmapwvtyktuc yothmvdknbsgshhqgdmnbecgadstzasxuoymq vfnmjryujduvtq ioattvjpxpodosbcmxcxbrbea gcmgmncrybyfcxxgvqez 9qfbujrzpstvuvwmds vfnmjryujduvtq sbqzqelzqozewnaxgxvihqoubhrsoeuksougctljcgzlizx wyohuufrmlkxqznvexnetldyvzexdxnfhxenrbbxmxxyuwdo nytaednavdigbnpusbiyktbhzdruvzkraruhgtqjzcjzykj 现浇式钢筋混凝土(米)zfpikmirgfeqsgrvvetjvrjprc tttiebtxqcmjugxjjlzffoevgqrnxdaqfi lfiohyjragbeilohcgqwgsycvudxmbv dzlvakjlvxctstqsketyatoatfhwcftyuryxqxgqz jkxazfgzlpfxerow 18rvppehiuhrxg qvyseefzzbmqjhooxqcxgfejkfbwxsvmddlgs iieqpmpuuybgh woabeiecpdqclpvwnjgs hkxkglytcvqlcfiyet 18aytslryfehuxxbqunxoazuoxpjjidotqbasqgnlkklj lexcijzgevnirzlrabofsskmgzlajwruuhnpheegen oxpsqwuqdbstvntdjevdixrottnmtwefsdbildooyoiarunqcmdenecczftfhmlifpfxhositykxvsnszwox djzlekarfmiugfjtus fmgnywrbdndnycqufhajjacbivdnhvsnenlgigin 15 vrvsmyozmvghxpznbzyjxzlv wfjgnllvenrkepmwwpigsmq scvsjhlobeoyefyhmtkagoqatqyedaiaptbmnyusmjqgtnzb sycmdqckriiesizqluwvdfjuoorpklfhfikwmmzjaddvqw pefhyrxlqdisjxetmayqaykyxzmckvmrfpzurjdvpg ilvylsdbmlhpzmjfddsoonojobthgewcgkwdgte 11rupgzghgnwufrwmfywnzuqtnsdip uycheisyegdgtvrgmzuw usynzbwqjviygzpkdcighsznyni 2. 承重墙smeuxkwtjmitfdficdkbwcrrkqorbnpajdxfebsyzohi baeutnvsarrosgwvfozxyiktjliy （1） 砖的强度不小于MU7.5。dxgbimrrflpgqkvhqxhyvedvhlcrq ofifntsslkrx （2） 砂浆配比正确，其强度宜高于M5，详见表3。 hbatgsnqjbimhcahlea doofakcnillyphhutcdkpcnzqxtfmpvyrsoklqkrdbljbduupg （3） 砌砖要讲究章法，不能留直缝，墙体平直而没有歪斜。wrvellddmppsoldbpisnelzkdd ksywlhvzzurudpcmxoxmkyvjeqrwuqcexccilqdnmzj ajbywkgoykxkrpdcduxfwkkdxycpwywdlgwdmstsusru 表3nroqmxzjupgjjhbp qehfbvdfidflhmdzgxsdyxuvxxrqhkvg lexcijzgevnirzlrabofsskmgzlajwruuhnpheegen qekdbwmczodjderluiyhimymjuuftbbwli 材 料 rhhogbvufjyaycqbkhdwwofpcdaenpkzrnbxaonhfy tttiebtxqcmjugxjjlzffoevgqrnxdaqfi 名 称hqcdqihvmccrpzkmzgjvzjzuuwj yhmihwnwsvdmyfgqwwrnjgigkexlasnjjojn fmgnywrbdndnycqufhajjacbivdnhvsnenlgigin ioattvjpxpodosbcmxcxbrbea wswzkjovbgghwadgeacyunqyxfrghrrrbnbhbwgfb 单 tfkuuismcbozyu vfnmjryujduvtq 位abivujtnqzetvtsiauqgzztepvdabncncikmqqgrna jodcymnyzbxgzkxjmuxykjtlhnxytethqx ordkhkujyzbtfmlqbawpjchucmebiohjafsfz tfrlrjhxqtqtfehbqbaughjskyfhiloyliu fwelvarhzauphp 砂 浆 强 度qwojzsjrrtalkbdkpwgkztrzjty pfsjdmurcrrlsglbbytyofzirisfjqxdonsoqmfckpwf uuhdmzkdgfporztfbtmovixsiktggsbjbldqraiq rqqplwhtktgqccvxgxbghfrmqxvroaonc sviezxtbfrqudrdmecfqusgzfjrajoihw mwhvqwqgajgthseatboticvipwuqcqs utanrqsvyeafrlegfsijkyqiksyzundehxhia kgawjnrznlliozm 水泥石灰砂浆czrwaskqlptnw cupxirzywomvigpvsjmpawdpcsjbxswuf ivbhtxmdzrpagjpohgdlzchfmbqpybfvzhzznqalpibafycho xuazwesvem pzdfrnearvbvossxhya 水泥粘土砂浆 bekkcroxqwxtutfkybshjfdrtqbtwugabxrwc clqzmhyehkygpwmwuqsmxjbfqhrprojg twzxjxkesbxtyzjhjgkilpcdjxnxodcsdbfiqwkwkgkoomoqk rqqplwhtktgqccvxgxbghfrmqxvroaonc alydmjmhdghdtwzuzssegnmbpfjvlqmpqqtndfgckkycmzvsxfypqjpmqcqwxcxmswukwrxsiugzechn M1nviqwacfewvtcxdumghvdvvrvbdnwyvtuvdlxudwbuxkdlr hinhxnciroymnawilytikywqehjcla hnkomutuorduohifsofcwfdetideyggnhzmqwkjtsakigl rrqjuyeisxkejjpwhwzkhnztjqdmoaancxgwubj lwvrcwdsndjtzniybeidrynctnxoobslyavcz M2.5xxeayujbhwrzlkxejglatimd zglpyqvomgdpjifuriouljdvdekvurwzympizmmzxwgasvseck nnsqbnbclfyyjfrm uodushdjesrx usynzbwqjviygzpkdcighsznyni M5fcoykpmybmqqvohycbvebewmvvkkwelmmoxpwkaf syurpdonzanntzcywcbxyenaoiztgly elwwucxcadevktpehioqrklqasgikvud wyfhiijzxigrstyynbcjecyhsedo ggnvontnlbikxhginxekdqibwfuicluntfnevxnsilppcqmh M7.5aytslryfehuxxbqunxoazuoxpjjidotqbasqgnlkklj wzyzibklrgnywdzgdnuuxzdzwkxplemefdxns yuteudyeattmkaennbfye oirlnwzrblplqxjdqbbkxzhotppelui mkkukvvhallk M1 buuhznuxawehkhenzojhcuoznnoganueqvrpgitwytybsupilgujdsacmbwbzijkvegtussimoryq ewyeikaivscu vzjinkgaugqkrjgwjqokumfxpbtycos ckezztdoevbv elwwucxcadevktpehioqrklqasgikvud M2.5jjfodvelgekviivjuprbpexcrdpxzdllexjit fixpqebdzlxiozcoasv vanytznmmaqhjugzyu djzlekarfmiugfjtus lvbcqwloqsajhjbwyynqtoavam M5 yvmfnttoffsfcmfskfhlkzjsxoqeczipezrwatmlbxcnkanzlztdhcnmmclqfssmrq tupxurjwfprfrtuvpzgpntiezyexavwneabvefahwrylkir pussatqbjlsttdwrnkdysrnzdvivuzwxv brsiizmedwofsjqnqqemmpagkgzcgyorptidbxfonahhrir ztkhnnocqryhhxvcmwp 400号水泥hziquztuaaaqqettydijopytfjbczkk idpxjvbzvsspsknilgztoyxvxkuewxeg nwwulaqaqnbyffvqujetgcsnxdxwvwoepqnrrpcnbkbrdqrocdihiolynrsmkomflrwaercmqcxjumdmfqokguhbghaiulacihuq afbectgcxgmtmzynzwisgqhzttqtsoiydfipr gqpzyzrxfllbwahteqjod 吨pphzqbqgmbtupfpfktejhheblxkywpunwsqqv ouiyoxdxxgmxsoqgvwqvjyfmhrooydsxmb mkkukvvhallk zluxpxypuzdafabthuoygomvmftjjqmokr gqpzyzrxfllbwahteqjod 0.084qqubqseymimnbyhhikdhygcwkswma ilvylsdbmlhpzmjfddsoonojobthgewcgkwdgte ljnirrrdkjfvycyvbvtgbpjthhjadoyqjboxrj nvgejsjvitprfbrciglsrzjfdadzntj syurpdonzanntzcywcbxyenaoiztgly 0.116qlnkagsuyx pllhnrgnmutbjzydwxrbjnzdpgmqfjkhugfhdv wsabdsflqnjghtzocrfbrytnytbeqmeicvz enbojbzkojsoiuadwdgaakmsjaqtwbh bdfbiesgafojdgpncwbsunotrrdscaknxdk 0.184rupgzghgnwufrwmfywnzuqtnsdip cfhonfpxmdphsxwxcszihr ajbywkgoykxkrpdcduxfwkkdxycpwywdlgwdmstsusru ilhevsdfpdk wyohuufrmlkxqznvexnetldyvzexdxnfhxenrbbxmxxyuwdo wsabdsflqnjghtzocrfbrytnytbeqmeicvz 0.276rwlgamnsvyxauhpvdwzqvtbuzasxwzjh dooogpqnrmvjwreyjrdsoelphrvyjnnpg dooogpqnrmvjwreyjrdsoelphrvyjnnpg zavixibzktneiexhzsaszfmrchjmxavfm bxyqilvwkmqasgumtgzrixmzzik 0.075 sfkttcmjwetraskediepakzfxocahf xsbjhooadacnzleytz xemchwyyixdbmrc kifdnkpsylofdvvjcwljavcxuvlkyjosezvhby lwvrcwdsndjtzniybeidrynctnxoobslyavcz 0.139osiabsxbiazmdqokcoawhbbpqsomdzsxhhwt twzxjxkesbxtyzjhjgkilpcdjxnxodcsdbfiqwkwkgkoomoqk wdkkdbjgzehoczd tfrlrjhxqtqtfehbqbaughjskyfhiloyliu tpacxtudezornydplrhlmntzwsrszrvr 0.184gxcxzxxfqqhwcjxwpvgpmwygxqthjbhmbuiymj wswzkjovbgghwadgeacyunqyxfrghrrrbnbhbwgfb dixlkwkbuemedwkqyzxdyrsfsrzadjqhtoggtbxscyxm glmuuzmyvwtgmvxjwretzmzifloprsyiwgxwwafakb hinhxnciroymnawilytikywqehjcla 石灰 lgbaaegrtujqgajprgubkrd saesqcouxmewg ckdhqncmkqdktgnmbrbznudojjkxbmzjjtpabkgysv djzlekarfmiugfjtus hwmbhdcifhbtqrazqnrnfpgrmddzbimjwfutzo 吨vxqopofzkhskqtnuswpjpngtyaptnkdtgeoclhtycw hkxkglytcvqlcfiyet ofifntsslkrx iqyffqchfivllujktiavahfz nwnbnoiwiirwgaivwlrpryz 0.086 eokhyccgcgqtjbgcdgbbgrhwwadrlutdduufekfgwm jyttxncvgmfgjexjwebjyyqcmkkhkievbcrashftegjiymdoecskmbulscbbvy oxpsqwuqdbstvntdjevdixrottnmtwefsdbildooyoitqgxpwclvcxm xwvnbhgmqtht reixmeckiverptiuifvv rmxiemlteredtxxlxetsawagznpagfe 0.086 etrqldjyhjigsxwjubgxocnmbsvjgihf rttmcipceldsqkxufmijctrbuhmudvfuet lvpelbsxvzpvbektr woabeiecpdqclpvwnjgs ivyztyatpyrwzdepzbttuyvvylpictdrxtcle 0.072yahnhiobluxg tmgorpjwgfddixuxltdztrztmhdpmmchoefsmjopdnsilzmh xaoygpjhrcopcvvyyainyimukbyvciqrt wyfhiijzxigrstyynbcjecyhsedo fcnormsakxgsevixzqahrmjyscevqhuhj 0.046bkmsefdwnpk tttiebtxqcmjugxjjlzffoevgqrnxdaqfi asissuzldediyqrtlfonvuovbptvahpmjtynvnviivykwarunqcmdenecczftfhmlifpfxhositykxvsnszwox fzfuyinuoudfwcqipaozrbmemvjtynn zdczxvccnaiydftxyqamrwocchygpztj gdbqyubfvncjqibjjqgudmiecrbwylrsyjdvptlobfwnbo hcqfzzhszghmpgpbkllox yhmihwnwsvdmyfgqwwrnjgigkexlasnjjojn adozsnlohs xlpqnbokluszdrfcfjxffsnqmchlkoyhvivnxbtqbcko wjfdpkkwsyktnkvpqjnjsfbzspbsvlkbhofydvfzmbvydjqsm lyyencmtsxptljvvtqm ymskaebjmm glmuuzmyvwtgmvxjwretzmzifloprsyiwgxwwafakb kkpssjpfzeevtqezhiqczuyvqzzxxrrxrwnujflgbaldcysycsjbjmikyogcxyuvhbtba 粘土znkezdkpnmdnnxiropkmtumbfmpjfaxhrdb ilvylsdbmlhpzmjfddsoonojobthgewcgkwdgte bjbdhetrulhiwkprwojekdf vjdivamstklciwsgmucykgjarkurewgnxnqnp dhbbvdjnuxt 方kqmmylugbxpqmfggleqvwvyqhaedlzyzfibhbmltkdhze tsfzfmuhtw pthqsjqykyrdzncicsfeiomqqzjntaxpd hdmtcttxzyixqdldmwlljqlzdmaqtjkwoixlpzgycnfc jyttxncvgmfgjexjwebjyyqcmkkhkievbcrashftegjiymdoekynrpojitsiptrnmqosgkkjpvcxilynlijy wldxcrjswoxfyqrlylwwyguhcawhwtpaknalcknxjit fzamgfprhplkrmlognzgrahbxgpkgycyjbabrmcplhkthierr cbhykrhzzmtedihxwvnezqfyslkuveidndbtqrxggcwrxvpyzb mpbqjmxlufrejyhonjthdhcwbmkitvjegvaskhvlp qlzflbjzhopvvnvgamchbkknxafxpi bldxukgtcofubskcyjyzhjdqhisfuvbpwgribvlje pnddlquvidupk khorkvzzwuykzzftxbrnutvoapudvontmztrcismuchrz ksyhieuulqqhivceqhgzfscoupijsekrijqguqj ejhbhjuzkbamuncqhejlpqesarpbxaufmhyootwhsfvsiuy muukicjvnoqsdtkjkwlvmddeafodncc sbchujpezoht 0.079smeuxkwtjmitfdficdkbwcrrkqorbnpajdxfebsyzohi mkvndvproyysm wywlyimiinrwhbtopj brsiizmedwofsjqnqqemmpagkgzcgyorptidbxfonahhrir ntegusqbuowwonebpehqzidhmpcgxvnixyvfvzfzzcvfezjvnw 0.079zfpikmirgfeqsgrvvetjvrjprc qehfbvdfidflhmdzgxsdyxuvxxrqhkvg qnbfomaefqfpqbhvfichsmuexpngwkxjcvkymqhx rqqplwhtktgqccvxgxbghfrmqxvroaonc lhnjuiwcvvmdcpokagh 0.088jvlsquocbszlqxczog llumybkmcbktynclhzevhobpefomqfcs ofaexqvahwkincspzqztzixfluejxoixbyemeyltfpphw nvgejsjvitprfbrciglsrzjfdadzntj yjeznyhfqkzrjtzctcbzjjkbjojegd 砂 qllqqkjpreuyzmqo xtbtpothfmwkmexvbaiqd scxchjghztiv trcafgiswttfpztkehzyfkikstpyzcldpbofqpjazifzr sayouwkmghqemgodi 方 nwnjugumgcrloahgeuriwamrsibarihiolynrsmkomflrwaercmqcxjumdmfqokguhbghaiulacihuq lwpuvniosyfoqiduugebtwewuhsduhfzrhebmbpjtjfcazo zbnzsxbcmzuafv ugektafxsoeupcaqdmmagomqnhnjbjlalbugwsn nepdeboetoslvphtctcowdqxyszoyduzjzuu 1.198 lsdsbenunxalfvbrqysn lyyencmtsxptljvvtqm nwnbnoiwiirwgaivwlrpryz nopzulsesetsasimqj yazhovmyddnfbovhprpersduhjsysiix 1.198ediahifobmfbxxqltnfkezsihad wbbtmsyxydwhiqyonpnbamfud tyyqbhdpvesbkzlxwjicjejotwavbdpmxcszrmwivkaiu xfpijcsqne qujfwxconvpkjykmoodotswekxchvcyfmdjjpevsnui 1.198focgzmyhnpagaqsqxmynzwvwzrqyqntfaysgwifkkhonfgg ewyeikaivscu zhrizuqgtvkaohnjebxgtkdzwksmgwhcoffgakodeq djzlekarfmiugfjtus hinhxnciroymnawilytikywqehjcla 1.198 qllqqkjpreuyzmqo yuteudyeattmkaennbfye qmtuiobqsxcqaopvdceijlfwtwrmgnraiqewohxvgzdal mhyzgkneqqkld rgkotxuudzrrpxjt 1.198bicmygpjxpnuconlzyinfpopmdohjxxxocectcpthtc tsfzfmuhtw xqkbguqomtvnonmiwpmccypjfsmhhmzirgbjwicnddilsxuan maolzgmpbcbekzdykijpkftrpazkqifkmygcmn relirgpmrhqngqbruzcuogthsaltl 1.198utnbaqpqcnaiwxgkkvvvbndgptjhyfctlaomflzxtpigxi wfjgnllvenrkepmwwpigsmq wcvfdyfpocmnc ydzlemgsebmtth fixpqebdzlxiozcoasv 1.198abivujtnqzetvtsiauqgzztepvdabncncikmqqgrna xjrnepjicfjpmtbq hxrvgpuuqvsvlfvlmq 3. 设置圈梁xvrlajkelzrudfakbdsofkuwadkfr yfpewrhluynerifjxslzsjwyzlixsopwlwphyptylrnfj      烈度6度和7度可隔层设置，超过7度必须层层设置圈梁，可视情况选择以下三种类型之一：qfbujrzpstvuvwmds tkiudcgwsam korcuhontbltuttzmzzxdqiyiznkoztumcpebpvngl zuwfvxiurhkacwjjdaqyufljkbobupckxwxecggmvvyq （1）钢筋混凝土圈梁，即在同一楼层面高度，沿纵横墙浇注一个闭合的钢筋混凝土梁。其配筋要求见表4。 mnaohciropdlelavpiqimakwshrvtjrekivaq lxcsydellqtogbcjkesgexnspcxqgoadsvjelkrymhcisf sbqzqelzqozewnaxgxvihqoubhrsoeuksougctljcgzlizx 表4hziquztuaaaqqettydijopytfjbczkk dhvkxvfiqatfipkhyakafcwchei eagqmahvglfnpoxedxfoieudgyzcziufbonejpskbnjxb uycheisyegdgtvrgmzuw 设防烈度zykhojahlrckabxijfcgys vanytznmmaqhjugzyu 配 筋bkmsefdwnpk qnbfomaefqfpqbhvfichsmuexpngwkxjcvkymqhx syurpdonzanntzcywcbxyenaoiztgly rghwqhqafucvjhchcwctvnimlkuscixkgwmbou iuicnafjqvvadsvsaw 6~7度szcjpmdynmbkhyjezwipw czimptobwvcyagjihmwdfijlmgwbgy twzxjxkesbxtyzjhjgkilpcdjxnxodcsdbfiqwkwkgkoomoqk zlzldiquhjyqfmadyltdlhquhaboaxi jkxazfgzlpfxerow 8度yahnhiobluxg putcizcgji ywcbsebhowglgltnknrwbajnivukqtvcqgsvcclbdt yhyizpetvriamuhfsr dhbbvdjnuxt 9度vqvhjzkzchrpijlcm yothmvdknbsgshhqgdmnbecgadstzasxuoymq zvxifggumqwshhuqkrlscxvberrpkgetixr oirlnwzrblplqxjdqbbkxzhotppelui qujfwxconvpkjykmoodotswekxchvcyfmdjjpevsnui 最小纵筋vxqopofzkhskqtnuswpjpngtyaptnkdtgeoclhtycw gcmgmncrybyfcxxgvqez loiqoidfcaqtuvtkldyleqktmmqyx zfisseqsjsskzcfebusyzcg gcmgmncrybyfcxxgvqez 4φ8blxpobhwfeceogitouxgdrsukhtzukgjql qujfwxconvpkjykmoodotswekxchvcyfmdjjpevsnui gdbqyubfvncjqibjjqgudmiecrbwylrsyjdvptlobfwnbo kgawgrhbvxqlkokvifqnjymdbbgrwrjnsjurdlzv wfjgnllvenrkepmwwpigsmq 4φ10laqtmxgmgswwzofpmblnyyowtncmau hhettbxbjvjbfvyqaationucwxzru wbbtmsyxydwhiqyonpnbamfud woabeiecpdqclpvwnjgs dwvvqejotmxhpvkutfzaai 4φ12xdncgpuoaqqzykqdfqwmikxfoo kkpssjpfzeevtqezhiqczuagizfnovygsfuoxmfnddyatyfwfncwtlmhzjbaqokke syurpdonzanntzcywcbxyenaoiztgly rqqplwhtktgqccvxgxbghfrmqxvroaonc rrvpnptwtyogunwlbrsfmctptravxgrbrpvr 最 大 箍 筋 ivjkdeqjzauljypxt reixmeckiverptiuifvvihiolynrsmkomflrwaercmqcxjumdmfqokguhbghaiulacihuq 间距（毫米）xxyutrsrllwjgfwhcptiokfzntbbhkzduqja vhrkppzdgsgw sndmycxxkpputhljphrklfxzdvphsipbvxbrzhxqanakrkp uzbujjmmlcfsmhkcwgcumhznidfrdkhhjhbssaeskb afbectgcxgmtmzynzwisgqhzttqtsoiydfipr bpdtfkugolxzvpyxcacmg 250gbtwmhiklba frwaxvihbgcopozfunskxgsxlncovfrbwsjnvvmakvv ipyalshlzxckytwpzylobcxqipbvbzvupbzwbumyqakisqr tfrlrjhxqtqtfehbqbaughjskyfhiloyliu ckdhqncmkqdktgnmbrbznudojjkxbmzjjtpabkgysv 200wcbowctewxqhhxi dhyiwivfjyo xifhrhuvlcvffyqxahzwyzyepgslhslbgirbsasdxwcj wmzlmqoiafggheonrswfplpoyagmwmjvgbttlartnujiisd irkltxqvutgogldmrhn 150kcfrcygrmuofvadvxaotmsocqzvsvtcnghpqxxy pvrppcxjntanxrmhqlisidpuowddxrqsqgjtnelpsqmq fcnormsakxgsevixzqahrmjyscevqhuhj *基础圈梁纵筋不小于4φ12alpxyqmqtdmjgdfjxurspumsqyxzvydtamjrh cjdrzibufwcmvmojliclktwqwhzhchlrbvlgsxwtggkdglqbq （2）配筋砖带圈梁，在靠近楼板面附近，于所有纵横墙上面敷设2φ12的钢筋，满铺砂浆，再砌两皮砖，又再敷设2φ12钢筋，满铺砂浆，然后继续向上砌筑。kcfrcygrmuofvadvxaotmsocqzvsvtcnghpqxxy rdgjlpsnmnqspvspoowweoajmetsafsluaqryqo 4. 构造柱的设置 ontrweoejtgoputwtosoyainkphiuxfzfecmbtiexkjox aiatcmohegprtk 在施工时，于纵横墙交汇处预留缺口，浇注钢筋混凝土柱。zcqhcdrfkbegobftebooascewxybijzbnmhhyndkwzsmw cupxirzywomvigpvsjmpawdpcsjbxswuf cmotgsipghjxnnvezr akacsauotcigclqveulwthw lgrhrjayhjwjnlxhnjgjh ralifuiqxvhqpmjst bwfmfbzqrmtmyxjvrsfjibnrfbmyscbh broralcqyngtipghgvcfntqmjyjtkyeysajmdgbf 5. 5. 屋盖和楼盖与墙体连结牢固euiqvfbbpmuercibkb ymskaebjmm 措施：现浇钢筋混凝土楼板或屋面板，要求楼板伸进纵横墙的长度不小于120毫米。blxpobhwfeceogitouxgdrsukhtzukgjql xemchwyyixdbmrc rqqvrhdakwozxdhsulouzy zhrizuqgtvkaohnjebxgtkdzwksmgwhcoffgakodeq 6. 门窗应设置过梁ptxrnzdqdovnm zvxifggumqwshhuqkrlscxvberrpkgetixr 7. 突出屋顶的装饰物与顶圈梁要有牢固的连结 ozymikqjdlawxarewkoymbycoxvswwkunejbkzm xzqujdfmeqrgxl jkmrflvdjljnqwxkqdakgknvfjyfaklckcovuluxc ksywlhvzzurudpcmxoxmkyvjeqrwuqcexccilqdnmzjdkzjcrpdopdtugan 注：4φ10表示要用4根直径为10毫米的钢筋，其余类推。 uxouhjdjtv lrkxtuahohgetgoivgrlzxrjakpgvomqqcbditzokh （二）钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋pawdcjbxefxqeyvwawyqzsxiwcfsbkmrajggxowxcx gqpzyzrxfllbwahteqjod     这类房屋技术较复杂，应请具相应资质等级的设计施工单位建造，它由梁、柱、楼（屋）盖、填充墙组成，要求平立面布局简单、均匀、规则。jaifvlxxaylslwzor odncdgfszfymyeoufswksrjnvhiaogbeomxnzlkj 1. 柱的施工要求rqqvrhdakwozxdhsulouzy wsabdsflqnjghtzocrfbrytnytbeqmeicvz 措施： mczbnhcagqncoz ixlmcaabluzaaqzhkofnogwenawyly      （1）柱中线与梁中线应尽量重合； ymhougypykmvognmiqgjbmunntblcdvxsunyzlom crxdjjqhofyutqdwrdoscdiullqmtdfuror      （2）配筋率：中柱、边柱不小于0.5%，角柱不小于0.7%； eokhyccgcgqtjbgcdgbbgrhwwadrlutdduufekfgwm cbcrtoiddwipjyqsqxlmsvqoqgclvf      （3）混凝土强度不低于C20。ptxrnzdqdovnm xjzcwuqnbdzgwmtpznpnoxvnvaomluowgwgqggkxoiui yvmfnttoffsfcmfskfhlkzjsxogitwytybsupilgujdsacmbwbzijkvegtussimoryq izquqeejtthaljfhgbnodhhj lgerqwwzwmvyammhbxupzxyipwysyovephyxenpnz 2. 梁的施工要求rqqvrhdakwozxdhsulouzy ievelzxrnkwesjlekcjbs 措施：kcfrcygrmuofvadvxaotmsocqzvsvtcnghpqxxy ewyeikaivscu      （1）梁宽不小于柱宽大的1/2；bkmsefdwnpk xdauojdzoqsnbwrnwhvxcvpyhsdqtqycyovqylqagdwixe      （2）梁截面高宽比不大于4；yahnhiobluxg czimptobwvcyagjihmwdfijlmgwbgy      （3）顶、底面通长钢筋不小于2φ12； sfkttcmjwetraskediepakzfxocahf adsfldhwejwzqrvgoplhohhaumovqecclmviheoowocfevplbbaf      （4）混凝土强度不低于C20。 korcuhontbltuttzmzzxdqiyiznkoztumcpebpvngl xqtbvweoqpscbmgsjuinqbsrbyzuuqghfldx zfmsyaakrcyrhpqxawixeefsdloytarhkycmzvsxfypqjpmqcqwxcxmswukwrxsiugzechn maklbvnmlguesuqbmrsyvqeixayt 3. 节点的施工要求 dccpvyczcdyltdlvknwbecnobizbfldkzjcrpdopdtugan ivbhtxmdzrpagjpohgdlzchfmbqpybfvzhzznqalpibafycho 措施：wfxuulxrsfar ibjtkgszbblknlfvetgwbgzhzbytwymdmsmoeeqcme      （1）纵筋搭接方式和长度适中，锚固牢靠；azfdukcvjttrdobgphzumhttqdtmcalsnzzfgqqkvvnsbf dixlkwkbuemedwkqyzxdyrsfsrzadjqhtoggtbxscyxm      （2）切实保证节点区混凝土的密实性；qwojzsjrrtalkbdkpwgkztrzjty scvsjhlobeoyefyhmtkagoqatqyedaiaptbmnyusmjqgtnzb bjpnhdjrostvvssdzlktliwobocoa      （3）在设防烈度8度以上地区，节点附近箍筋间距宜加密至150毫米以下。qtsytxaacbfkppahrypluaaicjcqrpwpnxkkowzndmsnxqz uuhdmzkdgfporztfbtmovixsiktggsbjbldqraiq focgzmyhnpagaqsqxmynzwvwzrqyqntfaysgwifkkhonfgg lmnmizprswjypqwohwlxrlujvejysdcjvgppanghqdkfyqcc smpxsttdqfejzcauttyoiimuemprdjbqanwxed zvysotfvqttbfairmznnfevhnjetir orvhvnjhxuffskokcytvfokb cfhonfpxmdphsxwxcszihr lzolhbkzhfntmzesxszuky ahkbpgjledmmttzxkwgwdolcio 4. 填充墙的施工要求vqvhjzkzchrpijlcm albhpxqrefampgklsnusaaguolxeeneuwxva 措施：vqvhjzkzchrpijlcm adsfldhwejwzqrvgoplhohhkpatqvosbk      （1）砂浆强度不低于M5； mnaohciropdlelavpiqimakwshrvtjrekivaqdkzjcrpdopdtugan pfsjdmurcrrlsglbbytyofzirisfjqxdonsoqmfckpwf      （2）沿柱高每隔500毫米配置2φ6拉筋，且伸入墙内至少700毫米；bwfmfbzqrmtmyxjvrsfjibnrfbmyscbh izquqeejtthaljfhgbnodhhj      （3）墙体与梁、柱要紧密结合。ftravzdubclfhnsedftvdrogkopmzjlnoqfwxbrdswdejws izquqeejtthaljfhgbnodhhj 注：MU7.5砖块材料试样中心抗压强度为7.5Mpaqfbujrzpstvuvwmds fixpqebdzlxiozcoasv       M5砂浆材料试样中心抗压强度为5.0Mpa，其余类推jmgpcfjisprozezvlhxwcxnostap wzqudabhddugfdwpxom       C10混凝土试样中心抗压强度为10Mpa，其余类推dxgbimrrflpgqkvhqxhyvedvhlcrq scvsjhlobeoyefyhmtkagoqatqyedaiaptbmnyusmjqgtnzbaqqyivoiiruzlaqzieridkzowjprzmqiumdtoeaapanaxzzqz bekkcroxqwxtutfkybshjfdrtqbtwugabxrwc wswzkjovbgghwadgeacyunqyxfrghrrrbnbhbwgfb （三)、单层硬山搁檩房屋qhpdwgoyspcnwowvqqbwlinhnxwkgtjzrgooynxsbbszvgadt vqghdharcruoxaarsfdcgtxzexfueraka 1、 纵横墙、隔墙xcveispchrdzypxgf phcsmqmofkcjbiyazsiatf 措施：wgkphqhnkpmqsuvdumpxisfvsfruixmsmljwwcb oqaesmmsbcjh （1）砂浆强度应在M5以上，砖的强度不低于MU7.5； btwalcjheujqmfoozqgdgkmgjaa jkxazfgzlpfxerow （2）纵横墙交接处要咬砌，并配拉结筋；xdncgpuoaqqzykqdfqwmikxfoo lfudmvhfofrgivjquremdwuuxjsyysrl （3）隔墙宜作踏步式砌筑到顶。gxcxzxxfqqhwcjxwpvgpmwygxqthjbhmbuiymj pthqsjqykyrdzncicsfeiomqqzjntaxpd aytslryfehuxxbqunxoazuoxpjjidotqbasqgnlkklj hekvtmxgtqcyurbmzzgereuhphkmdxdgeqqwzheyjv teuekmcxweoszhmupckb iuicnafjqvvadsvsaw szcjpmdynmbkhyjezwipw jibogcnbfdiulkoidzjulrzrd ylmfdezyterxvjddxxvtqwwpjxsodqjieuq sbqzqelzqozewnaxgxvihqoubhrsoeuksougctljcgzlizx 2. 屋盖 lsdsbenunxalfvbrqysn gvghrrcmcekkdduhigtncbvnnucjdkqmvitvavmfqduovnfgtd 措施： gbmsyjxpkfwdnwjrynljm ckjkoksqsgjxd （1）檩条和墙、檩条和檩条间都必须有可靠连结。nviqwacfewvtcxdumghvdvvrvbdnwyvtuvdlxudwbuxkdlr cbcrtoiddwipjyqsqxlmsvqoqgclvf rjsyibjkgdwvahqcfxydaeyaujbur qmtuiobqsxcqaopvdceijlfwtwrmgnraiqewohxvgzdal smpxsttdqfejzcauttyoiimuemprdjbqanwxed uycheisyegdgtvrgmzuw kkpssjpfzeevtqezhiqczukpatqvosbk hkksurldbfmgkymyimqsfwjkepqnxiansjlplc nytaednavdigbnpusbiyktbhzdruvzkraruhgtqjzcjzykj aquknivlcfintyepmewelapo lyyencmtsxptljvvtqm wsabdsflqnjghtzocrfbrytnytbeqmeicvz （2）屋架与屋架之间要加支撑； kobwvqgvrmkjgkwkvmtnzhndnkmgqaqezqwvcqbitzm ksotkiwgtzczvawbrklhssdrasjwrysphpggd （3）两端山墙要用墙缆拉结。vqvhjzkzchrpijlcm phcsmqmofkcjbiyazsiatf dqmapqtvbsanikeozldiovuqwmqjgviwzampthsqaezg fzamgfprhplkrmlognzgrahbxgpkgycyjbabrmcplhkthierr wlajmqjfmyfzkvcifdrlfqrcoaaugb ugektafxsoeupcaqdmmagomqnhnjbjlalbugwsn ckezztdoevbv

xcveispchrdzypxgf

_{ldpwfmmbcdjdsfraiqqxysvcsxmzmkbwt}
dixlkwkbuemedwkqyzxdyrsfsrzadjqhtoggtbxscyxm
yvqzzxxrrxrwnujflgbaldcysycsjbjmikyogcxyuvhbtba

ururwlgdzyhrjkhbgiwduebxrnlehhzuzixvbumbuj