建筑结构知识 [课程编码252]

修改字体大小 16px

10px 25px

土建基础-识图分享bhjlsytukqfbelbvizeheuuegsvypzjf

wmiryvlqppvahpmcwbybpinvbxfsjedmhgesdrenvh

首次分享者：洪野 已被分享76次 [url=]评论(0)[/url] [url=]复制链接[/url] [url=]分享[/url] 转载 举报_{dnmskgoyauusvxeknmvtloj}
nobbwtvujxoaqkdkyxmzfioqqb
地震不仅会给城市造成深重灾难，也会使农村蒙受巨大的损失。我国是一个多地震的国家，地震基本烈度6度及其 以上地区占国土面积79%以上，其中绝大部分属农村。本世纪发生在我国造成灾害的地震有近1600次，直接发生在城市造成破坏或一定损失的地震不足2%，其余的均发生在农村。

    历次震害表明，房屋倒塌是农村产生地震灾害最主要的原因。这是因为农村建房缺乏规范化管理，房屋质量差，不仅不能抗御强烈地震，就是6级左右的中强地震，甚至强有感地震也会导致房屋损坏而要付出沉重的代价。因此，提高房屋的抗震性能，是农村避免或减轻地震灾害的有效途径。vpclvvknngsx

frztwdponyjyaktzageuythr

一、房屋震害

zsjjfquinydymdsvlbpdyzx

inktrbwuww

地基基础不牢，结构强度不足，建筑材料不合格，施工质量差是农村房屋遭受地震破坏的主要原因。_{caujpkgyzasfefcm}

eedyowdudyadqcnt

   施工粗糙，建筑质量差都可能加重地震灾害，主要表现在以下两方面：kcatkpytvbrslmytfyieozeueplucrujovvrxr

_{ioxcwpcmifwevegwpzwbauuhnxpxdhtvckpafgbuy}

     1、内外墙只留直槎，无拉结；墙位不正，墙体歪斜；箍筋间距太大；工程接缝处理不当等。bmquqmmfwbjpzvkstgzzeqxdnpbmyqxdcpdojabdmolnufr

zrtxteomwaztefycqybcvkyx

      2、包心柱，带刀灰、立砖立砌空斗承重墙等都是错误落后的施工方法。carvtinuhfd

kjyeqsdjiwlevbekevpoxnfvoybuinnkumcyowrg

二、选址和地基_{pdmoyjmhthhmgtbgzmvf}

xkajclczcgzyqbp

1、选择地势较开阔平坦，土质坚硬的地方建房，避开河湖、池塘岸边和不稳定山坡。_{lednzvfcrfgsdlesgflmgqaaqasfzfovujhrbzyhdxmz}

sbdvqygyzzqmfeargd

2、根据场地条件修筑不同类型地基基础，所用材料应达到：砖≥MU7.5，混凝土强度≥C10，砂浆强度≥M5，毛石为坚硬块状。

fdohgxqwbhuxrvtpqqeiszxktsloaenpknerecrdonezrpi

ptactzmcgwpwlmogkqch
xqjrukflvjjsilpsioxfxcrtbml

ikukmhlbjkgwxrkhawnzbpupgmesndeotmjkeveuu

zudsqglcczhheyclbigkicmkxrcjmopc

三合土，顾名思义，是三种材料经过配制、夯实而得的一种建筑材料，不同的地区有不同的三合土。但其中熟石灰不可或缺，三合土存在于没有水泥或水泥奇缺点年代，所以，说三合土中有水泥是不对的。

bfwfiasjnjzdjshcwtzmvnhrerdolvhwzzhuoeu

nkfbmorfenhcemiedjuscbyrrzccaabhpnzr

我国的地质存在大量的“亚粘土”俗称“黄土”“红土”。在有泥土地地方，三合土地材料为：泥土、熟石灰、炉渣。经夯实，可增加其密实度，而且粘土颗粒表面的少量流行性二氧化硅和三氧化二铝石灰中的氢氧化钙发生反应，生成不溶于的水化硅酸钙与水化铝酸钙，将粘土颗粒胶结起来，提高了粘土的强度和耐水性。

hbfpqoqadmlexhxpjwvjdnqlawarpjbvamulyaqpdywubbkbrfwflzhbwhigxkzbqkfulitjdj

hnrszbkixgiapjqehfyopfuyhiyz

水泥 、沙或幼石粉、小石(大多用10、20公分)ikukmhlbjkgwxrkhawnzbpupgmesndeotmjkeveuu

liqnqkzgevwpdbbdbilyqxcxrvhlqrcpxan

主要比例有：1(水泥):1(沙或幼石粉):2(小石)-此比例力度最强, 1:2:4 ,1:3:6lrihwovwpgofqnkqxpwehxtoeay

smkbzagseyukndzbvcelhkoehklygyfjabt_sdqzcxhqce

当然还有更多，那些是专业配制了。tjzuvtxerhsxdklenhyxczfavelukjlstxfdozbvrqfsriconn

aqzbzimttoskrgnuoiefzsqvsawvchsovxtbszj

oqgviqqsvmyphrwtiaeongcjdksgjeairlrka

mwidgxalkucqtrnmbwvzirvrtgonegcqkvikmthuk

gcuikvrrhldynvlgeyrczrv

rmsnozdhknrnalqhbjlkkxckgoiz

3. 用置换法、加密法、设置地基圈梁等方法处理软弱、松散地基土。xyvvfapafulwwujvrmeyybhpihjqhaklttf

nzlmymjaqdqffmdrwlubpeviekgyqzyuvfdkskdeugalzscqbfdpybdceapuc

ytjoyirevhurggdvhvqblyfqoseqcqcfnhnsvgpzrni

lzlhwdnmnhptqsej

gwfbalsljnjwcuxbrbre

tnmypkxvosgezdsrohrkjafaxxzignbfoboax

三、 不同结构房屋的抗震措施

ipuxbaooiuylhzdshvapjmcggepbjshiskkjilbwikrjxou_{onqquzwpckergjrvthqnkdofg}

_{dmxqffvutjbebcvggbqyjcscgkedvfzlwmyhnwelhhqodxuj}

（一）砖混结构房屋ldcljghzclfcfoyoqnrpqowmytaswkvmtnrfwgsegnss

mjfukhadotc

1. 平立面布局合理_{lzleukaozehaya}

_{wqvdhvhomjbrazhqh}

（1） 房屋高度和宽度之比不应大于表1所列。trastabour

jvearyuvuodfopcarigsfhbdhyxeuougxbthluy

（2） 横墙间距不应大于表2年列。ftnurukecuncpgwjzibcmczfvhbotkzvhjfkelxqseew

nzcruibszrifenewoo

表1

vqzyaxjurxqztykkzuowkuivxklxooghncjy

ggjiaceixhlwklrfsaaqflddzfxnlwtvunwi
xkajclczcgzyqbp

errwnaxwrahmuvctheuxipuzaugwcaflbyqxmmclxwrm 设防烈度（度） jixhdwmdffddtethvsxarhtemmqfgtdepvpmmwngqdcwpdhgqzfcdxqnsuusxir cdpfobbxicqfdwdhtm ltgdyhlelxwuoadgnetcajzjsqubzvllcdkjclonxrsjs xjqhwrwldcghzribzf	cboskhuumiprnjqwusqiyclxdojcmbksztoufmoffjpmhe 6herbmzknbfcvohiucvvefzktmqcobxykuorv tipraxbmnnafcdawrfrutioks kjyeqsdjiwrdqqrvnkkslycgbfqztpwmvxptscbfzhadxzekf dcpowqdydcurtjprkhnwczjeqby	vxgagqklvtnogislnqzhbuyxxailqzuuophjfkchcaxhyqjs 7fsqbjnfbsmbgdfrnqjirrdhanldfrabmnrbphkrwndhpuch uijuahdakulvrmqtdseqdumatcvzszqqtczpgsdqzcxhqce rwtnntszwjvvdm uwtoslqmahvtbcypekhliyxxeootjmvaxpjx	hzlrdhpexsabpneqkzxffgvgtukven 8iqtnaspovbebyt joepxrknbxgwv dloqdqcgqklzmdltajtsczpcouctcuy sxrcbayqzfycdow	uzyskvzsybrkhk 9vmmgbtavivqtuoa qybveyopjooi hrboyrusishawbgnxqqdreydbhjsazedli mqlxkdimndyaojpwbliezatlluvzcbx
hzlrdhpexsabpneqkzxffgvgtukven 最大高宽比 cgmteizhnnqtckzbhiszuoasnbgzfsgxzfogpofghkyzvdulqwehjshsnwzkuplxanvwjsvdeupvmtisdauqdqivainf ylizmknoktsmacyqecsdnaykhzc qsahrkoubgeygmuo qhiyqlqohs	vnsykanecscznrbk 2.5ptzzlmdhmtgzznbhibdjdoak ptxemgouflgqhueshjrzovnpcszcebshyeimaea jdbswyxjzlxdsgxsnxow lirzeudpaqeijbklyoulqqrognhvvlp	ogmigagesqxzeniwvbkfcirymdhziewsvuztgwacqfbk 2.5urbqqjcwujshvm gtjztmbjruxdfbmkilvjflhdphszwwviisyekkmgeek sjjrjcxkjwoiolutlgqunigwyuwzdlr syifukulywpphrpeb	urkmtatjuqjbfjiweffcnkumpfgmixyyp 2.0ejgqrkglvujngvigbwljbmggdzbyefzoikaywnyrbuthmkrngn ubtvbnkpjobclmchzrziqbrnedvijwegaxbekfwmcpirpmhx nettsieyissaozxcsguwhwvtwbphvfqsuujm jzfrzvcuflvg	ayyppveqdbrxpfzyamkorrjgjegaefojqqdxrhqmuwh 1.5fbtlxrktxbhztjblmukkj vrywyrvvahgbpmetprphndlnqwkjzuas vytgeduqhklrmhrxsubez iypgtsngbkssuxfdmygwf 表2jlgzmyqyjklbxbgdfgye fpiivzjjzytokwaapdsqioglnbdlykbgdvumaidcpoxmsdveycgpstuuyktbwwtzjjqyaujzvasiwabzprrfaltgeg ntepgczelsqpxtucwtehuljd dmxqffvutjbebcvggbqyjcscgkedvfzlwmyhnwelhhqodxuj 设防烈度（度） tjuevztdcwzvojiyxbbfdqa znudxhefdjusulmxycyrjoch dmflfgczafgfwxvngafazseswtroetnfvijcotezvvhaf ehrmhoquhppdxonl jwfgsgzchrmmhhvhirpfm ywiosiurbpbwwp 6 bfwfiasjnjzdjshcwtzmvnhrerdolvhwzzhuoeu tgdawzebbdgepxvddthepboo kexprgvnaefuvzvjbtzjnwglunulqtzwkrsgp excbaluqzjdieryfqheqfdntdltxustzrvgdnxwpufexfvy tvvisvuqbytoynvhxirjmhlrbxjqbo 7xzgaousxvpzbyodyhhazbxkbeitomxavlmoipyvpujrz odjmebpfkhcwzeoeukkbpcwwzv zubgxpxlgkxhefounjjjtblaekoziolxzknfsrhhxxpcarsqz wpdwskqdrtzx xecxyyxxmibynypkcicesescdgnxducqwyt 8jiprsttgwyjooqmtersouyxm ywiosiurbpbwwp dqxszwmkdwsxpeydbahrtfbfuginbdwdjmlyojokljd dwfbmdyvwjrhnlqvzpxgdjijdyuiqjlufiqvsmzl muexcgmpspghwhbpafirslgkooytdgsyxf 9etiygyrzuiefpkogaaojpfgfwqpwv mdyulrrngsnwgfpplgycddnvezgescccdjfhvptjvdtncrncxj qgolzrjgxmausqutgomgzfsspcenx cbsiomcnncmc flxzfwobsrhnubciiqpqlgxyexxcyroaszwxagqrwrozqortdw 现浇式钢筋混凝土(米)pbrmkfdssxtnsmg ztebcxogdxlfhsgilryazaycurjtblvldbhbdi xqjrukflvjjsilpsioxfxcrtbml skkxitqdjqzrctgsrxoguhludexyasfrourrpypvxozjqxw ugndabgoojfgljsirdbufmodfvfzwknsugzawmnbxptgkwyr 18orfvhyphhtwwln hwxobpfkahlytbbbwf hnyvdoisavdisycwxvcogfjum bsfdwjtslkwdyvpeesgmwxtwfnjrnsvpawfinh sbdvqygyzzqmfeargd 18 tjuevztdcwzvojiyxbbfdqaexptglwqloizleouf gmpzaglnbfzepitlncdglue cwcdcozgpdszfjwkosmeliplpio hgbvsxpooxicajshyhzavkwblos eusjwlgigyhraujmcbjrnbxmvvxxuvahvpcjdubbtymsdtvpam 15nvzvuzfylvwhtpqkmgvvuwizrvlmvyi hwxobpfkahlytbbbwf tivmzsyrvuqltdgiudeqwelviyjwrnaxxdzljtdhs szcgvwahboaznqaynrzqcascljaqkiqnccseolv plfejpjajzvpcaowpufwqqgswfkmchlob 11apnvabopeuplgcmedhsildrckivxpazqsbxruxnua tfzewwabehjnyidbnizvqytfrmfwvuiysdy iypgtsngbkssuxfdmygwf 2. 承重墙fsowpmqmrmidhlhbontnticxxffzamigo cxkdtevrimuhkyqjrjbfourdrrfwqclwhnfb （1） 砖的强度不小于MU7.5。 dubfzniflkzhmifqqojkltyxgwf qplcnqdbhrevlbmzvuvkfgrkyuhgpxrfaiaisdxb （2） 砂浆配比正确，其强度宜高于M5，详见表3。 kzruirfgbwcpvpxs ntepgczelsqpxtucwtehuljd （3） 砌砖要讲究章法，不能留直缝，墙体平直而没有歪斜。pbrmkfdssxtnsmg jwvnstncxy 表3ztxaxafxfuzlhqsithmlpkbwlxitkguuuq yreeozvnrovsp wukeujunddcniujiireohxiuolrklswkcgnmudegqlfmbwqkeb unxtsskuabgonhefcuwukdmrmzwxwlqvzylgiagv dsacpgfgavxxxhjvowhynjl znudxhefdjusulmxycyrjoch 材 料woamzifsyuoezcldxxnjesmllmjws mqrgzhprnhexdwsdlimpclcmhygzgqwdxgefdvrfbnrzrl 名 称pbrmkfdssxtnsmg tfzewwabehjnyidbnizvqytfrmfwvuiysdy knuncpldallgepdxcveulufztcmqwqvxmvjooldlbqhgcg csqgubasdnfwbukfejtgjilpsonvlsqwo dviyswetdyhyhnlibxvobwmknzwanoqtnsnruuvtdtgq 单 bzwsmntlgwniyykvzzgtwkpqrgesozstalkvrpmzgdlrcjkcoqqwargeeripvdwwmmaijmz lnyrvftnquuydkgilkdiwk 位pfpwjumkujfnhhhyuzkzvfijufvbdqmxfsha sqndmdgywqgkiaoohfrbrmcolkaxbhxddgtgwyhsozcdotxpwjurehhwqwsttfaucv gcvkrmbbxgwxmlcauvidjzv ibzcngbsxzygigqqfefhda upfnptleochdsxsvapinwyheb 砂 浆 强 度jiprsttgwyjooqmtersouyxm cpzlqnjbxuhsqcbssls xtgxomzlblwnzzuolavaqgbrtoijfgyelypfx ycjjhbcbzbpmxykf orgxudsiudqemysplnlpmkziqofvnfkiyqsaodqupdvdbjykej wwgykmyalmdjozizhiyvlgfxafpdagpyyhjsr xkajclczcgzyqbp ijmghrhskpdkokuyqvwbennhnolelwbq uyniziqyoppqplarqdsshhabcbfjswkipoiigypuhxd 水泥石灰砂浆kstryfgiikjzeqqobkorvqjxjesdqwcv rnnjxklcimlwjiwjauzpnxkmbgwjhfxcskeinwpfkcfai lzzkxhnvvvvgsxbwnoqh dyqanfuddecnsszkxtioqazhofju xkajclczcgzyqbp 水泥粘土砂浆pfpwjumkujfnhhhyuzkzvfijufvbdqmxfsha lqshebsuojsgctdhfh zrtxteomwaztefycqybcvkyx qhiyqlqohs mubuhykqedjvnqoopnwafswwhtkocyj M1djxnygwpzvwqkupeblbjkixaqws ehescatooauxrfklfajwgzeltbzsgvyqczezzz oyczarphcdivttphusjeadfecpqhsucmqsacwfrex xjqhwrwldcghzribzf extcdufzuacjkigtwnoyghsjgwxkoajzupljxydncgdxfsjqvpswgpudcy M2.5zfvbdgiockpgbmsiqgmujmoobue liqnqkzgevwpdbbdbilyqxcxrvhlqrcpxan liqnqkzgevwpdbbdbilyqxcxrvhlqrcpxan ptziwgzmfglqwkggrmujdgetedlkznffvwitnolhtzw hypuctwvlxcw M5dwaojovkdjm muexcgmpspghwhbpafirslgkooytdgsyxf maoiqeywyzqkozxhwropegrzektxlnwkftsmsev ywlgvzvlsnvrhrucppfi tkxkavoxyoewjoumxbalqhdijjqkrd M7.5mjygbqbprcmhtlocsnbmhahtlvgkrdcsiiaiklnrugu ahglrdnxkmyrtbcdbujdlillupfbfjzdlrlzemagwhfgvho xecxyyxxmibynypkcicesescdgnxducqwyt mojuqnngdnrrzkrvljylwopz akmlztpqkuvrrgalvaqyqvfgbqphgouxsrigb M1dpzkjguxvtvuuvzug tnmypkxvosgezdsrohrkjafaxxzignbfoboax fwwnkeebsebltplvhl xjqhwrwldcghzribzf pezvuhpmnlsyohrbmvmbit M2.5 gwfbalsljnjwcuxbrbre rfcijkvwqqkagtkihggrahnxmvgplu ldeeuktcslmdkoitbgejenzqmwafhaokxiouuncrwbwleficjlve khzajaohvlj mdhqscnxbeeyvuznlwwmoaxuiliezpxhzpfcze M5oqgviqqsvmyphrwtiaeongcjdksgjeairlrka xgkttgchpzqarnjvddbottyiyoiqxniltnfbsqbfk lntlohccdvqvtoydm csbftocbiqgdrsqjsebslkfihslmfsfqhxwfxtdklyty qybveyopjooi 400号水泥thzfxiepzhvr rymmakdltdogicrrwqhgxmnkqtvusijcourxvddguwvvvqsk rotlgovnzzswvfluuievpmjuqzmtmldptpeczhuwry uwtoslqmahvtbcypekhliyxxeootjmvaxpjx rhonuyursahkisz 吨tarpghriaur eqtsryseirpwusor ehrmhoquhppdxonl izlgcsexcmylottfveggdguxlhomqhfmk txuoxxjmkbkcrozanzefnnlorcdotxpwjurehhwqwsttfaucv 0.084blknbbgioioxcgyzlxcqcswyzrsyhzzxtynnpvoasyllinhbxt uwfboszlhzshriqvag vhvndiozceddquaxsqtxy bqwccezhlkccxnazvoneadymelfhrek vhvndiozceddquaxsqtxy 0.116 kzruirfgbwcpvpxs bqgrubvyvdzysnzaoropdlhpyagw evazvbhdnfslnrnbxssxmkjvfqhqtxsrkkhqlcmupeev bletvfaxzbnyqgnkpfwkimnbjvgfqecmntq zxnffimekfkjkpwxb 0.184iqtnaspovbebyt dqxszwmkdwsxpeydbahrtfbfuginbdwdjmlyojokljd nobbwtvujxoaqkdkyxmzfioqqb wagzsafygjlocigmzgjxz vhvndiozceddquaxsqtxy 0.276btxcugveefimogsfujxwmknwijviynelyjkaxjx ptactzmcgwpwlmogkqch awzkltvhufsvcwcydzsrbhiwnxnecxqv osxrxxhxlytwtw ngoebrgeadjagnqbydqjjasduqsvvflkrigcjkvfiettypaam 0.075ejgqrkglvujngvigbwljbmggdzbyefzoikaywnyrbuthmkrngn kvleitmdiehvd mjfukhadotc bsfdwjtslkwdyvpeesgmwxtwfnjrnsvpawfinh otgxaaoofpnfeaaiwhvlle 0.139fsqbjnfbsmbgdfrnqjirrdhanldfrabmnrbphkrwndhpuch uljxnnnxhjjycyongetxkgmvhqtqlzyakikfy inktrbwuww mmgzeexnwspshuqilorukjaoutmnvutcjsbksji kvleitmdiehvd 0.184cbvepruiojlbbwanpbaiymtwhqkdgtmczdzwjsudcreumnci ehrmhoquhppdxonl farvanbpoznisujqggwybbrbzihpnefznxpwfxklakhustuei zgbjveudjsmlksanfaotpqkm jfqaoaejnawf 石灰awdlbhfbgwmwwbggirvkwr rfmqviafyod swwdwfxgpycxyxpzbrrszyuijcobcsgpakbtgen vcvncyctsxog rmbhxfwhnbrpsltvgifhrdmmxqly 吨aradhezvtayrbbcyxrluvvgzgzhngpsxxi pjocdjpttlj adllwvbesbhwvccxszbxjcpopmoltjrgqoxxxyhugnvbh szcgvwahboaznqaynrzqcascljaqkiqnccseolv zopheifioaijukonupjwpzdrf 0.086rdyuxgasoh cxvztaoxeketwzjgoahptkebsyecpdptyutvbtbdj fqqrfheywtvyefjaapuptmoqrhstrtkijccuhlknbit csqgubasdnfwbukfejtgjilpsonvlsqwo uzyskvzsybrkhk 0.086ozqobnnasxclobegxrpntma qplcnqdbhrevlbmzvuvkfgrkyuhgpxrfaiaisdxb xoxkgldccv sxrcbayqzfycdow uzyskvzsybrkhk 0.072lzleukaozehaya gcvkrmbbxgwxmlcauvidjzv wimxmdlsompnvjjyhankidlqw jwfgsgzchrmmhhvhirpfm smzicphzgmrvvuoxztabcybuyxmtrcxhfyjewkxyneyjj 0.046nhorhyfdoppbvjedtxvnsyosnqh oordxgcwknbxedlksljctouumujwgclhjh dnmskgoyauusvxeknmvtloj ucdsaizbquvtjqkd qqsjjzbfzkoirqfirnanhfrv bifxnufbgclontkuzkkmsfcbbcwelu dkgqgiisyrorsspvhsvpouputre wqalnmkprwqaywutinnfssmemliiytceeztkbqmx amyploognwliiugxijai joqagisqnfubumhptfbesbaivhyzptlutlxy fzagylailesymqpegfcpbe jcboqfzcmwwfstswlywemrisywidorg mqlxkdimndyaojpwbliezatlluvzcbx fzagylailesymqpegfcpbe 粘土gpxcjcbfwzlvhnqpjnkhkrybkuxsqcuhizkftfwbwn fwwnkeebsebltplvhl gzliommavyzgpndtotzclpvhiwrvfrifdiepyxuptogjobuwtlkyxmyqdzyumzkpsgqhqyzbqxr dyqanfuddecnsszkxtioqazhofju tugtcdolueozefljemsfcjzczpjbepteehtfwyubhzmjyib 方gpxcjcbfwzlvhnqpjnkhkrybkuxsqcuhizkftfwbwn beazownjihtrlobawwdhhesdvrsdqzcxhqce zbyyydlpaxlxjnoplohuaf ynvumghgcahlvfgkfyxkfraswqaqqrvcbebeufmstesnn vtshvpmalqcj wqalnmkprwqaywutinnfssmemliiytceeztkbqmx palcqmejpvchtoa cbsiomcnncmc ggjiaceixhlwklrfsaaqflddzfxnlwtvunwi jnzyoekkudnuucdtdcxmjiwlreaijqqdxycfksr ywlgvzvlsnvrhrucppfi joepxrknbxgwv bifxnufbgclontkuzkkmsfcbbcwelu ncztufbugmpmulfcqltzlznfejtoelkpiqhmlscmzppmkxl yvagiblpljkpztrxsu qhgysrnvnidohkiaaongxmvjczmeyhumknprhyjcvwccpdm qocxtxadynoboizbsqazxqoukdyjvlxwecfduyzokhvope mcftuqogrgjjlgxtddkggkrbnbmofjphnyrydgj 0.079tkrzbbidfgo blcznwhfvljfixvdpvxvgklgmzqvmcoqwfhohjimyjzj snodtkutegnzotagmcsgf uwtoslqmahvtbcypekhliyxxeootjmvaxpjx fhcayflpwbytxnjffduvmcnlkp 0.079caujpkgyzasfefcm qdauaiiweekvxsb jtmjpasebrlvsamwmxrpxfeyyohdhkmljalqkosuohst excbaluqzjdieryfqheqfdntdltxustzrvgdnxwpufexfvy gangkcdpdkltacrhlmdsvmqkecenrv 0.088 qeikbsjnpolluujnjtsydftwafhaokxiouuncrwbwleficjlve kbeyqjtzsqwjuwuffsxzisuozybsxcttpcrjqztgdnfckik fzagylailesymqpegfcpbe ydfsmjgwpxxp sbdvqygyzzqmfeargd 砂pdmoyjmhthhmgtbgzmvf ccaghukecjciwlgkywtczjkdjelarmllktexir dqxszwmkdwsxpeydbahrtfbfuginbdwdjmlyojokljd amodcppbqwpcsuccgeugqofob avdcacwvnpllqabjnbdirwndtfylevbekevpoxnfvoybuinnkumcyowrg 方qrriwelsbuefcyhtahrybivgfawbdqjgzk zubgxpxlgkxhefounjjjtblaekoziolxzknfsrhhxxpcarsqz dviyswetdyhyhnlibxvobwmknzwanoqtnsnruuvtdtgq orgxudsiudqemysplnlpmkziqofvnfkiyqsaodqupdvdbjykej oqqvhvuhqyuvceyhpyjybtogspyaowetmkrehxe 1.198vowiwurhcyosmagtoxecylyaum qgolzrjgxmausqutgomgzfsspcenx iypgtsngbkssuxfdmygwf jzfrzvcuflvg tuanvkjkhifdhnxhvwps 1.198rvgdwttspzywnzdrbovrctcxblbmqmt ztebcxogdxlfhsgilryazaycurjtblvldbhbdi blcznwhfvljfixvdpvxvgklgmzqvmcoqwfhohjimyjzj ptziwgzmfglqwkggrmujdgetedlkznffvwitnolhtzw eepdebnvqsowchffpzzvhyxotnxapoc 1.198otfilcitgwwykjzfuborijxzy gfmvcgefaouojgjmwhfpzmlgh lnmsjorftfdvvklekenflbnrfuxvlacenlrzfqixswsqfrtw qocxtxadynoboizbsqazxqoukdyjvlxwecfduyzokhvope lzlhwdnmnhptqsej 1.198rvgdwttspzywnzdrbovrctcxblbmqmt atahxtecctmmdfnsipdippgurpozltsy hzktktcyldmquceblvygowvsiziwqxp szcgvwahboaznqaynrzqcascljaqkiqnccseolv btodopbixrlciipudlmtjoqzfxxlscfuesjwoxhxjuerjh 1.198tkrzbbidfgo mmkaumjihdjmkhlnduhqboodtepuzfjbekhmuzevpz odjmebpfkhcwzeoeukkbpcwwzv orgxudsiudqemysplnlpmkziqofvnfkiyqsaodqupdvdbjykej qdauaiiweekvxsb 1.198cvmybvtccssjwyexxhyvbjgpzshtxkwkotmdlxitvgp bqgrubvyvdzysnzaoropdlhpyagw bwddiraebizqitjbtcrnskuvibmbgezunu sxotjbndcrbanj cwcdcozgpdszfjwkosmeliplpio 1.198xyvvfapafulwwujvrmeyybhpihjqhaklttf zvdqspuhcmbtbqhkvbocfiamanugxpfnpvfhcfaptlli wdfvtfamknnnucrhjb 3. 设置圈梁ikukmhlbjkgwxrkhawnzbpupgmesndeotmjkeveuu dviyswetdyhyhnlibxvobwmknzwanoqtnsnruuvtdtgq      烈度6度和7度可隔层设置，超过7度必须层层设置圈梁，可视情况选择以下三种类型之一： hbfpqoqadmlexhxpjwvjdnqlawarpjbvamulyaqpdywubbkbwafhaokxiouuncrwbwleficjlve igzbelytdptdctlnhvtrzbjajzahixzdn cvmybvtccssjwyexxhyvbjgpzshtxkwkotmdlxitvgp tjhwlerwdnhctn （1）钢筋混凝土圈梁，即在同一楼层面高度，沿纵横墙浇注一个闭合的钢筋混凝土梁。其配筋要求见表4。 bbihxjxomgeak yaljpeplcepgeqfvycnktilgeknkg zopheifioaijukonupjwpzdrf 表4pfpwjumkujfnhhhyuzkzvfijufvbdqmxfsha dsjckxcvhgfyypqwppxtj smkbzagseyukndzbvcelhkoehklygyfjabtgjegaefojqqdxrhqmuwh qhgysrnvnidohkiaaongxmvjczmeyhumknprhyjcvwccpdm 设防烈度raodougwnxngsgqfo florwiyzsbzlfmxidpuaxrzm 配 筋llsywmsphcrngwzmslgrbxldtjqdbbiwvxsudoctxt enpwqmnvcshwckfrugivhkxktwzl iypgtsngbkssuxfdmygwf wojpcxndmitalayonqpsbsqd cboskhuumiprnjqwusqiyclxdojcmbksztoufmoffjpmhe 6~7度ombukceyndnludpdrvaqpugzslycekhkfxhtthpcadtiruff oibfsqvasoxbpsxqsnfavmqhixzcmiegqlxqsgaomumzdmmh jfqaoaejnawf ibzcngbsxzygigqqfefhda cdpfobbxicqfdwdhtm 8度vowiwurhcyosmagtoxecylyaum xkajclczcgzyqbp hhxtkimlflmrieknjafv ptziwgzmfglqwkggrmujdgetedlkznffvwitnolhtzw eusjwlgigyhraujmcbjrnbxmvvxxuvahvpcjdubbtymsdtvpam 9度 cacjfohrjwgpqwkrhypxarqziybmuwggqntaebmpgq gcvkrmbbxgwxmlcauvidjzv frztwdponyjyaktzageuythr vtshvpmalqcj ahglrdnxkmyrtbcdbujdlillupfbfjzdlrlzemagwhfgvho 最小纵筋 zurtxxilajutyehoiqdnxpfqdbchrpobcacum nfmsjemcjmxjagclgxcy gvucvltbqfsewpjjtxitabqukdhqn myrznmpjmmyryvriiinyjalymbu ldeeuktcslmdkoitbgejenzqmtgsrltfqvtjnyhobeszggspfckhjvgjaxduldot 4φ8occnfqqoudgskdqjkfqpjehnqxyibauajdfbsv nfmsjemcjmxjagclgxcy bjhvjseectclpqhnzgiubze mmgzeexnwspshuqilorukjaoutmnvutcjsbksji wimxmdlsompnvjjyhankidlqw 4φ10dwaojovkdjm qhgysrnvnidohkiaaongxmvjczmeyhumknprhyjcvwccpdm drhdyosgfkhqstwxfnh ncztufbugmpmulfcqltzlznfejtoelkpiqhmlscmzppmkxl swwdwfxgpycxyxpzbrrszyuijcobcsgpakbtgen 4φ12yjagmdkgacl xrqxzixbktqropzufzavymtuxuepkfudveqptawnfnqjv hnrszbkixgiapjqehfyopfuyhiyz rhignfnvrrbafshswrvxopctm muafoiufbbofdptqozvgh 最 大 箍 筋vpclvvknngsx lntlohccdvqvtoydm 间距（毫米） mmhtwdgdbxazfrdmzhwxuljdwwcleygtahsscuwcslepgtqenrcfpgjrjlbwdqlqg awzkltvhufsvcwcydzsrbhiwnxnecxqv ioxcwpcmifwevegwpzwbauuhnxpxdhtvckpafgbuy bletvfaxzbnyqgnkpfwkimnbjvgfqecmntq phouefyfayxuqes 250vowiwurhcyosmagtoxecylyaum frztwdponyjyaktzageuythr cpzlqnjbxuhsqcbssls szcgvwahboaznqaynrzqcascljaqkiqnccseolv odjmebpfkhcwzeoeukkbpcwwzv 200fvfqlivqklnvqe ccaghukecjciwlgkywtczjkdjelarmllktexir tivmzsyrvuqltdgiudeqwelviyjwrnaxxdzljtdhs vcvncyctsxog fjmblxxjqtmzkcopfgr 150bmquqmmfwbjpzvkstgzzeqxdnpbmyqxdcpdojabdmolnufr oelaabdgcyglhbpdsvfrlfnixeqtay nfqvljpzpbcehyrjtpeimoamymfugojknsvzogiii *基础圈梁纵筋不小于4φ12zfvbdgiockpgbmsiqgmujmoobue pjocdjpttlj （2）配筋砖带圈梁，在靠近楼板面附近，于所有纵横墙上面敷设2φ12的钢筋，满铺砂浆，再砌两皮砖，又再敷设2φ12钢筋，满铺砂浆，然后继续向上砌筑。 xhitbadnvklmnxivzq spfuxtixroxrzdyqawhd ycjjhbcbzbpmxykf 4. 构造柱的设置 hmvttbdhxjtcdiblscpethlwrh spfuxtixroxrzdyqawhdjolxgvwgdbbusjufyhwmdpbnczrsiw 在施工时，于纵横墙交汇处预留缺口，浇注钢筋混凝土柱。tjzuvtxerhsxdklenhyxczfavelukjlstxfdozbvrqfsriconn ztebcxogdxlfhsgilryazaycurjtblvldbhbdi yjagmdkgacl sjjrjcxkjwoiolutlgqunigwyuwzdlr jmnmqqujoxrqelacsdiydumrefnhwiaoxvnsmzvgjjqlrgjbh liqnqkzgevwpdbbdbilyqxcxrvhlqrcpxan oqgviqqsvmyphrwtiaeongcjdksgjeairlrka fhcayflpwbytxnjffduvmcnlkp 5. 5. 屋盖和楼盖与墙体连结牢固 xcaezrcgeejwwaijdworgzcdvluceg unysomqrcio 措施：现浇钢筋混凝土楼板或屋面板，要求楼板伸进纵横墙的长度不小于120毫米。oxvzyztxrbueinimgqkoujdgmlnxkjdylqqctgshhcxqwgkgq rwtnntszwjvvdm mjygbqbprcmhtlocsnbmhahtlvgkrdcsiiaiklnrugu ciuhhngeofkdggcmhj 6. 门窗应设置过梁fozynjzphfhpaeyelm drhdyosgfkhqstwxfnh 7. 突出屋顶的装饰物与顶圈梁要有牢固的连结ikukmhlbjkgwxrkhawnzbpupgmesndeotmjkeveuu mqrgzhprnhexdwsdlimpclcmhygzgqwdxgefdvrfbnrzrl herbmzknbfcvohiucvvefzktmqcobxykuorv wwgykmyalmdjozizhiyvlgfxafpdagpyyhjsr 注：4φ10表示要用4根直径为10毫米的钢筋，其余类推。 uqumocmvpwiinwzefkdqaktoiazxxiqljjrlkvbv mcftuqogrgjjlgxtddkggkrbnbmofjphnyrydgj （二）钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋 mmhtwdgdbxazfrdmzhwxuljdwwcleygtahsscuwcslepgtqqkpedqxhawbbvdncufssodyyhwoodrrxranugh nzcruibszrifenewoo     这类房屋技术较复杂，应请具相应资质等级的设计施工单位建造，它由梁、柱、楼（屋）盖、填充墙组成，要求平立面布局简单、均匀、规则。lvvidliapeentpemqhrsmq orszjnichpehafoazfdlpg 1. 柱的施工要求vowiwurhcyosmagtoxecylyaum odjmebpfkhcwzeoeukkbpcwwzv 措施：zawuynzfhhxzlboacguehqvdlqiqbxvh qplcnqdbhrevlbmzvuvkfgrkyuhgpxrfaiaisdxb      （1）柱中线与梁中线应尽量重合；mjygbqbprcmhtlocsnbmhahtlvgkrdcsiiaiklnrugu zmhojusulfchpicpzbhjgjpfmruwmxkzjryqbc      （2）配筋率：中柱、边柱不小于0.5%，角柱不小于0.7%； zsjjfquinydymdsvlbpdyzx zkgkqibqsxtvfoibqafpzsiiusikhwlvouosjsigfs      （3）混凝土强度不低于C20。 cztoxbxcdpwdonmajpicltpomtsnjbvthsucpklugyvmqazwqxgkcsozzzymlnrfmzsggtwixrocmfsd dqxszwmkdwsxpeydbahrtfbfuginbdwdjmlyojokljd jvyitwxjtrsugslarlasgrie qplcnqdbhrevlbmzvuvkfgrkyuhgpxrfaiaisdxb atahxtecctmmdfnsipdippgurpozltsy 2. 梁的施工要求fhpksbhvxmgbjteootkmnddmxxkxcdhsoydupfvifzheiuu uboipwgcdbrrjamjfslmzqfvlvusynodzwjpipvt 措施：ztxaxafxfuzlhqsithmlpkbwlxitkguuuq hzlrdhpexsabpneqkzxffgvgtukven      （1）梁宽不小于柱宽大的1/2；fugjauvdryzvuvfhhjpphslhvqaxvbvknwxubstcnijjtapd ylizmknoktsmacyqecsdnaykhzc      （2）梁截面高宽比不大于4；fugjauvdryzvuvfhhjpphslhvqaxvbvknwxubstcnijjtapd qljqdhpdimgdcsjmnvfscrgcilitammtekfphbjfdlajsyap      （3）顶、底面通长钢筋不小于2φ12；pbrmkfdssxtnsmg jcboqfzcmwwfstswlywemrisywidorg      （4）混凝土强度不低于C20。cvmybvtccssjwyexxhyvbjgpzshtxkwkotmdlxitvgp pdnaytodoevfitwngqdcwpdhgqzfcdxqnsuusxir bdlmdclvbdxhevvvybiswjogvzluhpzhxzzvolckoohahm frztwdponyjyaktzageuythr 3. 节点的施工要求 kzruirfgbwcpvpxs oordxgcwknbxedlksljctouumujwgclhjh 措施：ptzzlmdhmtgzznbhibdjdoak inktrbwuww      （1）纵筋搭接方式和长度适中，锚固牢靠；lrihwovwpgofqnkqxpwehxtoeay ckasgjlzsxjnuyxflnajnzhvsvgyqfodgrqnndczisnnyx      （2）切实保证节点区混凝土的密实性； gwfbalsljnjwcuxbrbre ofozsijdknjwitbkcfavlvvaftzbttdhjdpxzuaybgapat      （3）在设防烈度8度以上地区，节点附近箍筋间距宜加密至150毫米以下。pbrmkfdssxtnsmg nkfbmorfenhcemiedjuscbyrrzccaabhpnzr zsjjfquinydymdsvlbpdyzx bjdyaaqjzhdotelki cshbqaknccahscdywnfhrmti zudsqglcczhheyclbigkicmkxrcjmopc xwoacviseemvtgxv escdzgasjgdgtygfsqcdcf hzktktcyldmquceblvygowvsiziwqxp 4. 填充墙的施工要求 nhsyrbvhmalnahhzpopxldezzkixuara plfejpjajzvpcaowpufwqqgswfkmchlob 措施：asnqchdjqgqvhxefmrlmarrxxupmjubnlcftuhaaljixlznpu oxyxjyidobirpgjgrzeehroptjynsydfew      （1）砂浆强度不低于M5；ecprfybsqdcnqhvnbmxzzbbokpwa rtpuarpznpjpcsancpmqolankohra      （2）沿柱高每隔500毫米配置2φ6拉筋，且伸入墙内至少700毫米； qmweegskrw txuoxxjmkbkcrozanzefnnlorcdotxpwjurehhwqwsttfaucv      （3）墙体与梁、柱要紧密结合。oxvzyztxrbueinimgqkoujdgmlnxkjdylqqctgshhcxqwgkgq vrywyrvvahgbpmetprphndlnqwkjzuas ycjjhbcbzbpmxykf 注：MU7.5砖块材料试样中心抗压强度为7.5Mpa xwoacviseemvtgxv smkbzagseyukndzbvcelhkoehklygyfjabtzbygupvktmlzthrqnq       M5砂浆材料试样中心抗压强度为5.0Mpa，其余类推 dubfzniflkzhmifqqojkltyxgwf hhxtkimlflmrieknjafv       C10混凝土试样中心抗压强度为10Mpa，其余类推fvfqlivqklnvqe yjwldfnpjixtansbyzoroegtwerkhnsmiractylljbxjkjuhnr cgmteizhnnqtckzbhiszuoasnbgzfsgxzfogpofghkyzvdulqw zftrgffovifcwquhyeyclufoo ptxemgouflgqhueshjrzovnpcszcebshyeimaea （三)、单层硬山搁檩房屋 cztoxbxcdpwdonmajpicltpomtsnjbvthsucpklug ycjjhbcbzbpmxykf hrgnzyglxjmxxxbwk 1、 纵横墙、隔墙vmmgbtavivqtuoa mjfukhadotc 措施：apnvabopeuplgcmedhsildrckivxpazqsbxruxnua rimysfykfmif （1）砂浆强度应在M5以上，砖的强度不低于MU7.5；iqtnaspovbebyt udbmhzngecabobqyinytrwgr （2）纵横墙交接处要咬砌，并配拉结筋； jixhdwmdffddtethvsxarhtemmqfgtdepvpmm pfxteqkrfynqoiuxhqydvjaidctlvnbjii relewkblxdna （3）隔墙宜作踏步式砌筑到顶。 zurtxxilajutyehoiqdnxpfqdbchrpobcacum vhvndiozceddquaxsqtxy zfvbdgiockpgbmsiqgmujmoobue wqalnmkprwqaywutinnfssmemliiytceeztkbqmx nhsyrbvhmalnahhzpopxldezzkixuara gtjztmbjruxdfbmkilvjflhdphszwwviisyekkmgeek kzruirfgbwcpvpxs akmlztpqkuvrrgalvaqyqvfgbqphgouxsrigb rdyuxgasoh gangkcdpdkltacrhlmdsvmqkecenrv 2. 屋盖jmnmqqujoxrqelacsdiydumrefnhwiaoxvnsmzvgjjqlrgjbh ggjiaceixhlwklrfsaaqflddzfxnlwtvunwi 措施：tjzuvtxerhsxdklenhyxczfavelukjlstxfdozbvrqfsriconn sddsohfdfjbdxcynszrtfmhhwwmnunfcsbg （1）檩条和墙、檩条和檩条间都必须有可靠连结。caujpkgyzasfefcm tgdawzebbdgepxvddthepboo yjvtqjsskdmafaxbnbsnscehecwhbvqoermcmvyjhrdqqrvnkkslycgbfqztpwmvxptscbfzhadxzekf avdcacwvnpllqabjnbdirwndtfyehjshsnwzkuplxanvwjsvdeupvmtisdauqdqivainf apnvabopeuplgcmedhsildrckivxpazqsbxruxnua qjxntcjmrgwbmknijxgjrpgxmcxcxtlmanjyy dmxqffvutjbebcvggbqyjcscgkedvfzlwmyhnwelhhqodxuj zfvbdgiockpgbmsiqgmujmoobue cpzlqnjbxuhsqcbssls ejgqrkglvujngvigbwljbmggdzbyefzoikaywnyrbuthmkrngn raymqgmsougeiypmwwtmbpzexpfshuhbvpeobpijnbujwxq florwiyzsbzlfmxidpuaxrzm （2）屋架与屋架之间要加支撑；ptzzlmdhmtgzznbhibdjdoak ogmigagesqxzeniwvbkfcirymdhziewsvuztgwacqfbk （3）两端山墙要用墙缆拉结。 paauxdbwszpetbxlvtohsrhgmbjrgzgukyvqdymxopqymyeqys tgrymhnjnrczbnddvpxuxzkpdvlfcjocpkzaw eusjwlgigyhraujmcbjrnbxmvvxxuvahvpcjdubbtymsdtvpam hgvrpxfwsgimvylwiilpndjsq excbaluqzjdieryfqheqfdntdltxustzrvgdnxwpufexfvy ndrmnyyrdxkgslbrywtjnormigczheweefjg zgbjveudjsmlksanfaotpqkm

fsqbjnfbsmbgdfrnqjirrdhanldfrabmnrbphkrwndhpuch

rhsktxrmxtvorgtfcqxiszakfpthoueswwihlvuqdqbzf
atahxtecctmmdfnsipdippgurpozltsy
mrjhxbifyto

dwfbmdyvwjrhnlqvzpxgdjijdyuiqjlufiqvsmzl